Diabetes gestacional: factores de riesgo y complicaciones perinatales

Objective: To determine the risk factors and perinatal complications in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus who attended the Concepción Palacios Maternity between 2010 and 2015. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study involving 108 gestational diabetic patients and 108 without diabetes.Risk factors were compared, complications and their risk factors were assessed. Results: Among gestational diabetics, 76.8% were 35 years of age or older (p-0.013), there were 18.5% primigestas (p-0.031), 86.9% obese (p-0.000), 75% increased by more than 10 kg (p-0,000), 83.3% had a history of gestational diabetes (p-0.000), 31.5% family history of chronic arterial hypertension (p-0.000) and 41 % diabetes mellitus (p-0.001). Maternal complications were hypertensive pregnancy disorder (p-0.004), hyperglycemies (p-0.000) and prolonged hospital stay (p-0.000). Neonatal complications were low (p-0.003), hypoglycemia (p-0.000), macrosomia (p-0.000) and admission to intensive therapy (p-0.001). Risk factors for hypertensive pregnancy disorder were 35 years or more (p-0.0049), a family history of hypertension and diabetes (p-0.000) and personal history of gestational diabetes (p-0.0135). For hyperglycemia, age 35 years lower than 35 years (p-0.005). For neonatal complications, age less than 35 years (p-0.0001), primigestas (p-0.0002), history of gestational diabetes (p-0.000) and relatives of chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus (p-0.0019). Conclusions: A body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, a personal history of gestational diabetes, family members of diabetes and hypertension, and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are risk factors for gestational diabetes. Associated complications were hypertensive pregnancy disorder and hyperglycemia. Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Risk factors, Perinatal complications.