Approach to Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is one of the most common electrolytic disorders encountered in clinical practice. Serum potassium concentration is tightly regulated by cellular transfer via insulin, catecholamines, and acid-base equilibrium and secondarily by the kidney via aldosterone and renal flow. Severe hyperkalemia can result in dangerous and potentially life-threatening manifestations, mainly cardiac in nature. It is therefore crucial for physicians to be able to identify the causes of hyperkalemia and provide appropriate treatment. This approach article provides an overview of potassium homeostasis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment guidelines for patients with mild, moderate, and severe hyperkalemia.