英语中的醉语(根据B·富兰克林的《饮酒者词典》)

Thea Shavladze
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章致力于研究英语中的醉酒词。“Drunkonym”是一个语言学术语,用来表示描述一个人酒精中毒的词汇单位。英语中有太多与“醉”同义的词和短语。这类词汇和习语在所有语言中都存在,但在英语中数量特别多。有几本英语词典叫“Drunktionaries”。在这篇文章中,我们仔细研究了这类最著名的词典之一——B.富兰克林的《酒鬼词典》。醉酒词的分类是根据不同的标准进行的(根据其强度,根据其积极或消极的内涵,根据其使用的比喻语言)。分析显示,大多数与醉酒有关的词并没有描述积极的性格特征,也没有描述理想的精神状态。“醉酒”作为一个贬义的概念,在英语中有一些表示酒精中毒的积极词汇单位。分析还表明,许多短语单位通过习惯的人畜异义词来描述醉酒的人的状况。此外,还有一组惯用语,包括地名、植物和人名。富兰克林的字典里的醉酒词可以分为几类:文学性的、中性的和口语化的(俚语的、粗俗的、庸俗的)。词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DRUNKONYMS IN ENGLISH (BASED ON B. FRANKLIN’S “THE DRINKER”S DICTIONARY”)
The article is devoted to the study of drunkonyms in English. “Drunkonym” is a linguistic term used to denote lexical units depicting a person’s alcohol intoxication. There are too many synonymous words and phrases in English for “Drunk.” Such kind of words and idioms exist in all languages, but their number is extremely big in English. There are several dictionaries called “Drunktionaries” in English. In the article one of the most famous dictionaries of this type “The Drinker’s Dictionary” by B. Franklin is scrutinized. The classification of drunkonyms is made according to different criteria (according to their degree of intensity, according to their positive or negative connotation, according to figurative language used in them). The analysis revealed that most of the drunkonyms do not describe positive attributes of character nor desirable states of mind. “Drunkeness” as a concept is of negative character but in English there are some positive lexical units denoting alcohol intoxication. The analysis also showed that many phraseological units depict an intoxicated person’s condition through idiomatic zoonyms. Besides there is a group of idiomatic drunkonyms containing toponyms, phytonyms and anthroponyms. Drunkonyms in B. Franklin’s dictionary may fall into several categories: literary, neutral and colloquial (slangy, vulgar, disphemic). Phraseological Drunkonyms are based on the following stylistic devices: metaphor, metonymy, euphemism, simile and irony.
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