Screening of Fatty Acids Profile and Antioxidant Activities with the Antibacterial Activities of Saussurea costus Essential Oil

The essential oil of Saussurea costus trunk and the roots contains important amount of polyphenols; alkaloids and terpenes. The S. costus was milled into powder for lipid extraction, fatty acid profile and antiradical approach at several concentrations (1000, 800, 400, 200 μg mL−1) using DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica were used as bacteria growth indicators for antibacterial activities. 18 fatty acid concentrations (by percentage) were evaluated in the fatty acid profile. The major fatty acid was (9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol,(Z, Z, Z)) which recorded (18.59%) followed by (Eremanthin) 14.70% and (Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol, 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl)) 11.86%. (Gama-eudesmol) recorded the lowest value 0.07%, while (Furoscrobiculin B), (Iso-Velleral), and ((-)-Spathulenol) 0.08% were the minor fatty acids in S. costus. The results presented a relatively larger amount of (Hexadecanoic acid, methylester (CAS)) and (à-Ionone) from 8.26%–1.55%, respectively. S. costus at 1000 μg mL−1 concentration exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. S. costus extract reported high antioxidant activity with high amounts of essential fatty acids. S. costus as a medicinal plant proved to be highly active due to its phytochemical bioavailability. Results revealed that the highest zone of inhibition 22.10 mm was detected by 50 μl/mL for Staphylococcus aureus which was the most sensitive, while Salmonella typhi recorded the lowest zone of inhibition 9.92 mm by 10 μl/mL which as the most resistance. Additional researches are on animals are required to confirm the beneficial effects of the plant extract.