Three-dimensional finite element analysis of a vertical anchor embedded in granular soil

ABSTRACT The present study aims at investigating the behaviour of concrete anchor blocks in cohesionless soil through numerical modelling. A three-dimensional finite element analysis using PLAXIS 3D was conducted to examine the effect of various factors, including anchor shape, embedment depth, and the presence of a groundwater table, on the pullout resistance of anchor blocks. The results showed that anchor shape affects the pullout resistance, particularly for anchor blocks with small aspect ratios. The presence of groundwater table between the ground surface and the base of the anchor block affects the pullout resistance of the anchor block. Based on the results, an empirical correlation was developed to account for the effect of the groundwater table on pullout capacity. The study also compared different pullout capacity prediction models with the results of the numerical simulations for varying embedment depth ratios. The failure modes of the soil body were critically observed and discussed.