哥斯达黎加饮用水系统中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫同时暴露造成的疾病负担和土地利用脆弱性评估。

IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Eric Morales , Gabriel Ibarra , Liliana Reyes , Kenia Barrantes , Rosario Achí , Luz Chacón
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引用次数: 3

摘要

人类和动物粪便是饮用水系统的主要污染物之一。粪便污染的两种来源都与环境条件有关,例如土地利用管理不善和微流域保护不足。隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫是人畜共患病的原生动物,通过水和食源性传播寄生虫病原体,是中低收入国家儿童腹泻的常见原因。在拉丁美洲,对这些寄生虫的DWS微生物风险评估很少。本研究的目的是应用土地利用分析、定量微生物风险评估(QMRA)和疾病负担(DALY;隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫对占哥斯达黎加人口1.4%的DWS的估计。土地利用分析显示了所有微流域集水区的污染源和城市活动,显示了污染的脆弱性,特别是在DWS集水区附近。隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫感染风险高于美国环保局标准,健康负担高于世卫组织建议。城市用地面积较大的微流域(主要在缓冲带)感染风险较高。QMRA和土地利用分析是在危害识别中表征可能的污染焦点的有用工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Disease burden from simultaneous exposure of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. and land use vulnerability assessment in a Costa Rican drinking water system

Human and animal feces are one of the main pollutants in drinking water systems (DWS). Both sources of fecal pollution are related to environmental conditions, such as poor land use management and little micro-basin protection. Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. are zoonotic protozoan water and foodborne transmitted parasitic pathogens and a frequent cause of diarrhea in children in low- and middle-income countries. In Latin America, DWS microbial risk assessment of these parasites is scarce. The aim of this study was to apply land use analysis, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), and disease burden (DALY; disability-adjusted life years) estimation of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. for DWS that supplies 1.4% of the Costa Rican population. Land use analysis showed pollution sources and urban activities at the catchment area of all micro-basins, demonstrating the pollution's vulnerability, especially near to catchment sites of the DWS. The risk of infection by Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. was higher than US EPA standards, and the health burdens were above WHO recommendations. The higher risk of infection was observed in the micro-basins with the higher area of urban use, mainly in the buffer zones. QMRA and land use analysis are useful tools for the characterization of possible pollution foci in hazard identification.

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来源期刊
Microbial Risk Analysis
Microbial Risk Analysis Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.
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