A Comprehensive Review on “Pyrolysis” for Energy Recovery

As a thermochemical conversion process, biomass pyrolysis has received a lot of interest for energy recovery by generating clean fuels, valuable compounds, and advanced materials. Innovative and novel pyrolysis procedures have arisen over time, and these processes may be optimized to produce high-quality end products. Substantial progress has been achieved in the development of analytical pyrolysis systems during the last few decades. However, due to a lack of knowledge of the reaction process, the current mechanism of biomass pyrolysis, as well as its economic feasibility, is far from a complete and thorough explanation. This review systematically covers biomass pyrolysis for energy recovery, the most recent advances in biomass pyrolysis, and the numerous factors responsible for the end products. Furthermore, the various feedstock compositions, as well as the techno-economic analyses, have also been reported. This review emphasizes discernment into future paths, intending to overcome existing deficiencies. This review may also be employed to get new insights into this field and be useful for future studies on biomass pyrolysis.