盲点的本质:对当前意识理论的启示

IF 3.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL
Diane Derrien, Clémentine Garric, C. Sergent, S. Chokron
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要失明重新组合了初级视觉皮层受损后保留的辨别视觉能力的不同表现。失明类型对客观和主观感知的影响不同,患者可以报告没有视觉意识,而他们的行为表明视觉处理仍然发生在某些皮层水平。因此,这一现象为研究意识和感知意识提供了一个独特的机会,因此,它对这一研究领域的发展具有历史意义。从这些研究中,已经建立了两个基本机制的主要对立模型:(a)盲点是没有意识的感知,或者(b)盲点实际上是退化的视觉,这两种观点反映了关于无意识认知是否真的存在,或者它是否只是意识加工的退化形式的更一般的理论选择。在这篇文章中,我们想根据盲点和相关现象的表征方面的最新进展,重新审视这场辩论。我们首先提供了盲视及其亚型的深入定义,主要是I型盲视、II型盲视和最近描述的盲视。我们强调了敏感和稳健的方法论的必要性,以揭示感知和意识之间的分离,这些分离可以在不同认知水平的视野缺陷脑损伤患者中观察到。我们根据这两种竞争模型来讨论这些不同的离解轮廓。我们提出,不同类型的解离揭示了感知、意识和元认知之间的关系模式,这种模式实际上比现有模型中的任何一种都更丰富。最后,我们在当前意识理论的框架内考虑这一点,并触及盲点的发现对这些理论的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The nature of blindsight: implications for current theories of consciousness
Abstract Blindsight regroups the different manifestations of preserved discriminatory visual capacities following the damage to the primary visual cortex. Blindsight types differentially impact objective and subjective perception, patients can report having no visual awareness whilst their behaviour suggests visual processing still occurs at some cortical level. This phenomenon hence presents a unique opportunity to study consciousness and perceptual consciousness, and for this reason, it has had an historical importance for the development of this field of research. From these studies, two main opposing models of the underlying mechanisms have been established: (a) blindsight is perception without consciousness or (b) blindsight is in fact degraded vision, two views that mirror more general theoretical options about whether unconscious cognition truly exists or whether it is only a degraded form of conscious processing. In this article, we want to re-examine this debate in the light of recent advances in the characterization of blindsight and associated phenomena. We first provide an in-depth definition of blindsight and its subtypes, mainly blindsight type I, blindsight type II and the more recently described blindsense. We emphasize the necessity of sensitive and robust methodology to uncover the dissociations between perception and awareness that can be observed in brain-damaged patients with visual field defects at different cognitive levels. We discuss these different profiles of dissociation in the light of both contending models. We propose that the different types of dissociations reveal a pattern of relationship between perception, awareness and metacognition that is actually richer than what is proposed by either of the existing models. Finally, we consider this in the framework of current theories of consciousness and touch on the implications the findings of blindsight have on these.
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来源期刊
Neuroscience of Consciousness
Neuroscience of Consciousness Psychology-Clinical Psychology
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
2.40%
发文量
16
审稿时长
19 weeks
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