挪威Moskus A/S活动

Rangifer Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI:10.7557/2.43.1.7081
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
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引用次数: 0

摘要

无论好坏,Norsk Moskus A/S都是Alfred Henningsen自己的私人餐厅。许多人,可能还有亨宁森本人,都认为这是一次失败。这还不是全部。该项目的灵感来自美国,美国已经在进行一个类似的项目,目的是驯化麝香牛,通过使用羊毛生产服装来改善北极原住民的经济和社会条件。此外,Henningsen希望基于公众对动物的兴趣,通过旅游业来保障经济。他还从一开始就向特罗姆瑟的新大学寻求合作。该行动成立于挪威北部的巴杜,从1969年开始就有几个缺点。它没有任何财务基础,因为Henningsen认为他作为国会议员的关系很快就会提供现金。这并没有发生。来自美国的信息是(相当错误的),麝香牛的驯化非常容易,因此,由于经济状况不佳,没有相关的畜牧业专家参与。相反,这个项目是由业余爱好者和热心的志愿者管理的。与研究机构的预期合作也没有实现。尽管如此,该项目在最初几年还是取得了相当好的进展。小牛生产良好,羊毛和服装生产进展顺利,游客带来了现金。即便如此,由于需要大量的基础设施投资,他们在经济上总是落后,很快就不得不出售动物以避免银行破产。1975年成为转折点。当时,他们遭遇了大规模的传染病爆发,导致所有小牛和一半成年公牛死亡,一名当地居民被一头从农场逃跑的公牛杀死。后者使当地人迄今为止的积极态度变得相当敌对,并需要将整个行动转移到Kvænangen的Årøya,1976年当地人仍然持积极态度。搬迁带来了新的大量基础设施投资,资金来自出售剩下的几只动物,但搬迁一开始还是成功的,1977年的季节一切看起来都很光明。然而,就在开幕前,农业部根据新的立法,决定禁止公开展示这些动物。该决定被上诉,但最终被内阁中的国王驳回。然而,经过多次政治活动,1979年获得了临时许可,但当时该项目在经济上处于谷底,一座将游客从农场引离的新桥已经建成。在战斗了20年后,Henningsen放弃了,并将剩下的10只动物捐赠给了特罗姆瑟大学北极生物学系。因此,该大学在Tromsø外的Rya岛上建立了一个农场,在那里他们耕种了40年,并被用于重新研究,从而充分满足了该项目最重要的原始内涵之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Eventyret Norsk Moskus A/S
Norsk Moskus A/S was, for good or worse, Alfred Henningsen’s own private eterprise. It was by many, probably also by Henningsen himself, judged as a failure. That is hardly the full story. The project was inspired from USA, where a similar project was already under way with the purpose to domesticate the muskox to improve the economic and social conditions of native arctic people by using the wool to produce garment for sale. In addition, Henningsen wanted to secure the economy by tourism based on public interest in the animals. He also approached the new university in Tromsø for cooperation from the very beginning. The operation was established in Bardu in northern Norway and had several shortcomings already from the beginning in 1969. It had no financial base whatsoever, as Henningsen assumed that his connections as member of Parliament would soon provide the cash. That did not happen. The information from USA was (quite erroneously) that domestication of muskox was very easy, and therefore, and because of bad economy, no relevant husbandry expertice was involved. Instead, the project was managed by amateurs and enthusiastic volunters. The expected cooperation with research institutions did not materialise either. In spite of this, the project took off rather well during the first few years. Calf production was good, wool and garment production was well under way and tourists brought in the cash. Even so, because of the need for heavy infrastructure investments they were always economically behind, and very soon had to sell animals to avoid bankrupsy. 1975 became a turningpoint. At that time they were hit by a massive outbreak of Contagious echtyma which killed all the calves and half of the adult bulls, and a local resident was killed by a bull which had escaped from the farm. The latter turned a hitherto positive attitude among the locals to become rather hostile, and necessitated a move of the whole operation to Årøya in Kvænangen where the locals were still positive in 1976. The relocation inflicted new heavy infrastructure investments which was financed by the sale of several of the remaining animals, but the relocation was, at first, nevertheless, a success, and everything looked bright for the 1977 season. However, just before the opening the Ministry of Agriculture decided, with reference to new legislation, to ban public showing of the animals. The decision was appealed, but was in the end turned down in a decision by, no less than, the King in Cabinet. After much politicking, however, a temporary permit was granted in 1979, but at that time the project was economically at rock bottom, and a new bridge which led the tourist trafic away from the farm had materialized. After fighting for 20 years Henningsen then gave up and donated the 10 remaining animals to the Department of Arctic Biology at the University of Tromsø. The University consequently set up a farm at Rya island outside Tromsø, where they trived and for 40 years were used for reseach, and thereby fullfilling one of the most important original intensions of the project.
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