Sanguo Zhi Fascicle 42: The Biography of Qiao Zhou

The following is a translation of the biography of Qiao Zhou, a noted scholar-intellectual and court official of the Three States period state of Shu-Han, as contained in fascicle 42 of Chen Shou's Sanguo zhi (Records of the Three States). Though the full chapter contains accounts of nine other Shu-Han intellectuals, the biography of Qiao Zhou focuses primarily on his political activity, only hinting at the importance of his scholarly work. The biography also includes the full-texts of several of Qiao's political writings, as well as documents appended by Pei Songzhi in his commentary to the Sanguo zhi.