N. Hrytsiuk, A. Bakalova, Iryna V. Ivaschenko, T. Kotkova
{"title":"乌克兰北部森林草原冬小麦保护技术","authors":"N. Hrytsiuk, A. Bakalova, Iryna V. Ivaschenko, T. Kotkova","doi":"10.48077/scihor3.2023.48","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat protection technology is aimed at preventing the mass spread of harmful biota and the possibility of its rapid restriction. Therewith, the main choice of pesticides and their timely use is precisely at the period when harmful organisms are in a sensitive stage to protective products, and plants are in the phase of forming and laying productivity elements. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the proposed compositions of chemical preparations against harmful biota in improving the technology of winter wheat protection. When monitoring harmful organisms, generally accepted methods in phytopathology (Strakhov and Geschele scales), entomology (butterfly net, accounting site methods), and herbology (quantitative-weight) were used. The results of the study obtained during a production experiment to examine the effectiveness of product mixtures for a comprehensive system of protection of winter wheat crops are presented. Changes in the species and quantitative composition of winter wheat weed Synusia depending on the protection technology are established. The total number of weeds in the areas where the protection system was used decreased by 61.2 pcs./m2 compared to the control option. Changes in the number of pests are presented (a decrease in the Hessian fly by 26 specimens/100 w.s. (wheat stem), Swedish fly – 31 specimens/100 w.s., grass aphids – 20 specimens per stem, Haplothrips tritici – 34 specimens/100 w.s., bread carabus – 6 beetles/m2 ) when spraying winter wheat in the phases of exit into the tube and milk ripeness with insecticides Aktara 25 WG, 0.10 kg/ha + Karate seon 050 CS, 0.2 L/ha. The technical effectiveness of insecticides against pests was 73.8-89.5%, depending on the insect. It is proved that reliable protection against dominant diseases in the farm is achieved by using a combination of fungicides Alto Super 330 EC, 0.5 L/ha and Topsin M, WP, 1.0 kg/ha in the phase of entering the tube and Amistar extra 280 SC, 0.5 L/ha + Rex Duo, SC, 0.4 L/ha in the earing phase–beginning of flowering. The technical effectiveness of double spraying with recommended anti-disease products ranged from 77.1% to 86.8%. 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Therewith, the main choice of pesticides and their timely use is precisely at the period when harmful organisms are in a sensitive stage to protective products, and plants are in the phase of forming and laying productivity elements. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the proposed compositions of chemical preparations against harmful biota in improving the technology of winter wheat protection. When monitoring harmful organisms, generally accepted methods in phytopathology (Strakhov and Geschele scales), entomology (butterfly net, accounting site methods), and herbology (quantitative-weight) were used. The results of the study obtained during a production experiment to examine the effectiveness of product mixtures for a comprehensive system of protection of winter wheat crops are presented. Changes in the species and quantitative composition of winter wheat weed Synusia depending on the protection technology are established. The total number of weeds in the areas where the protection system was used decreased by 61.2 pcs./m2 compared to the control option. Changes in the number of pests are presented (a decrease in the Hessian fly by 26 specimens/100 w.s. (wheat stem), Swedish fly – 31 specimens/100 w.s., grass aphids – 20 specimens per stem, Haplothrips tritici – 34 specimens/100 w.s., bread carabus – 6 beetles/m2 ) when spraying winter wheat in the phases of exit into the tube and milk ripeness with insecticides Aktara 25 WG, 0.10 kg/ha + Karate seon 050 CS, 0.2 L/ha. The technical effectiveness of insecticides against pests was 73.8-89.5%, depending on the insect. It is proved that reliable protection against dominant diseases in the farm is achieved by using a combination of fungicides Alto Super 330 EC, 0.5 L/ha and Topsin M, WP, 1.0 kg/ha in the phase of entering the tube and Amistar extra 280 SC, 0.5 L/ha + Rex Duo, SC, 0.4 L/ha in the earing phase–beginning of flowering. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
冬小麦保护技术旨在防止有害生物群的大规模传播及其快速限制的可能性。因此,农药的主要选择和及时使用正是在有害生物对保护性产品处于敏感阶段,植物处于形成和奠定生产力要素的阶段。本研究的目的是检验所提出的针对有害生物群的化学制剂组合物在改进冬小麦保护技术方面的有效性。在监测有害生物时,使用了公认的植物病理学方法(Strakhov和Geschele量表)、昆虫学方法(蝶网法、核算点法)和草本学方法(定量权重)。介绍了在一次生产试验中获得的研究结果,该试验旨在检验产品混合物对冬小麦作物综合保护系统的有效性。建立了冬小麦杂草Synusia的种类和数量组成随保护技术的变化规律。与对照方案相比,使用保护系统的区域的杂草总数减少了61.2株/m2。当用杀虫剂Aktara 25 WG在冬小麦进入试管和牛奶成熟阶段喷洒冬小麦时,害虫数量发生了变化(黑森蝇减少了26个样本/100 w.s.(小麦茎),瑞典蝇减少了31个样本/100 w.s.,草蚜减少了20个样本/100 w.s.,小麦赤霉减少了34个样本/100.ws.,面包商队减少了6个甲虫/m2),0.10公斤/公顷+空手道050 CS,0.2升/公顷。杀虫剂对害虫的技术有效性为73.8%至89.5%,具体取决于害虫。经证明,在入管阶段使用杀菌剂Alto Super 330 EC,0.5 L/ha和Topsin M,WP,1.0 kg/ha,在穗期-开花开始阶段使用Amistar extra 280 SC,0.5 L/ha+Rex Duo,SC,0.4 L/ha,可以实现对农场显性病的可靠保护。推荐抗病产品双喷的技术有效性在77.1%-86.8%之间。所提出的保护冬小麦免受有害生物侵害的技术是有效的,已经通过了生产测试,可以在所有制农场实施
Technology of protection of winter wheat from harmful biota in the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Winter wheat protection technology is aimed at preventing the mass spread of harmful biota and the possibility of its rapid restriction. Therewith, the main choice of pesticides and their timely use is precisely at the period when harmful organisms are in a sensitive stage to protective products, and plants are in the phase of forming and laying productivity elements. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the proposed compositions of chemical preparations against harmful biota in improving the technology of winter wheat protection. When monitoring harmful organisms, generally accepted methods in phytopathology (Strakhov and Geschele scales), entomology (butterfly net, accounting site methods), and herbology (quantitative-weight) were used. The results of the study obtained during a production experiment to examine the effectiveness of product mixtures for a comprehensive system of protection of winter wheat crops are presented. Changes in the species and quantitative composition of winter wheat weed Synusia depending on the protection technology are established. The total number of weeds in the areas where the protection system was used decreased by 61.2 pcs./m2 compared to the control option. Changes in the number of pests are presented (a decrease in the Hessian fly by 26 specimens/100 w.s. (wheat stem), Swedish fly – 31 specimens/100 w.s., grass aphids – 20 specimens per stem, Haplothrips tritici – 34 specimens/100 w.s., bread carabus – 6 beetles/m2 ) when spraying winter wheat in the phases of exit into the tube and milk ripeness with insecticides Aktara 25 WG, 0.10 kg/ha + Karate seon 050 CS, 0.2 L/ha. The technical effectiveness of insecticides against pests was 73.8-89.5%, depending on the insect. It is proved that reliable protection against dominant diseases in the farm is achieved by using a combination of fungicides Alto Super 330 EC, 0.5 L/ha and Topsin M, WP, 1.0 kg/ha in the phase of entering the tube and Amistar extra 280 SC, 0.5 L/ha + Rex Duo, SC, 0.4 L/ha in the earing phase–beginning of flowering. The technical effectiveness of double spraying with recommended anti-disease products ranged from 77.1% to 86.8%. The proposed technology for protecting winter wheat from harmful organisms is effective, has passed production testing, and can be implemented in farms of all forms of ownership