服务业中小企业对工业4.0和社会4.0条件的适应:来自捷克共和国的证据

IF 0.6 Q2 Social Sciences
L. Dvořáková, J. Horák, Z. Caha, V. Machová, Simona Hašková, Z. Rowland, T. Krulický
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引用次数: 3

摘要

研究背景。服务行业的中小型企业需要及时、高效和有效地适应工业4.0和社会4.0的技术、经济、社会和环境条件,这是由于将新的信息和通信技术、网络物理系统和人工智能引入所有经济行业和人类生活领域而引起的当前问题。新技术的出现正在改变工业4.0 -劳动4.0 -教育4.0 -思维4.0的整个价值链,为新的商业模式创造条件,但也给服务的灵活性和个性化带来压力,或引发对网络安全和中小企业(服务提供商和用户)访问的跨学科性的新要求。当前的全球2019冠状病毒病大流行(2020-2021年)对所有经济行业都产生了经济和社会影响,加速了对工业4.0和社会4.0的颠覆性技术、原则、程序、方法和工具的使用,并需要支持服务部门的中小企业适应商业环境的变化。文章的目的。研究的主要目的是验证、评估和讨论服务部门中小企业适应社会4.0原则、程序、方法和工具的创建方法的功能和内容及其在商业实践中的适用性,特别关注知识密集型服务领域的中小企业。该研究的一个组成部分是在正在解决的问题背景下评估COVID-19大流行对业务流程的选定负面和积极影响。方法。验证服务部门中小型企业适应社会4.0条件的创建方法的功能和内容的方法程序是基于混合研究策略的。采用探索性序列设计作为混合动态导向研究的关键设计,在此过程中,定量数据的收集、分析和评价构成了定性分析和评价的基础,从而对研究结果进行了解释和讨论,并在文章的最后提出了作者团队下一步科研活动的问题。在研究的定量部分,我们使用Fisher的精确检验来验证对中小微企业样本进行测试所获得的数据与对这类企业提供服务的外部项目申请发起人所获得的数据的差异统计量。在研究的定性部分,地图集。利用Ti软件对中小企业适应定性数据编码、处理和解释的方法所获得的信息进行评价,并为评价的各个子类别创建语义网络。发现和增值。研究结果证明,中小企业适应检验方法的内容和功能的充分性非常符合微型和小型企业的需要和要求,特别是在知识密集型服务领域开展业务的微型和小型企业。确定了与社会4.0技术和工具的使用,对劳动力知识和技能资格的新要求以及中小企业与业务流程创新的关系有关的个别类别的微型,小型和中型企业的障碍,限制,需求和潜力。知识密集型服务业中小企业适应方法的验证结果证实,所创建的中小企业适应方法适用于社会4.0的原则、程序、方法和工具的实施。在商业实践的真实条件下。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0: evidence from the Czech Republic
Research background. The need for an in-time, efficient and effective adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 is a current problem caused by the introduction of new information and communication technologies, cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence into all economic industries and areas of human life. The advent of new technologies is changing the entire value chains of Industry 4.0 - Labor 4.0 - Education 4.0 - Thinking 4.0, creating conditions for new business models but also pressure on flexibility and personalization of services or triggering new requirements for cyber security and the interdisciplinarity of access of small and medium-sized enterprises - providers and users of services. The current global COVID-19 health pandemic (2020-2021), with its economic and social impacts on all economic industries, has accelerated the use of disruptive technologies, principles, procedures, methods and tools of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 and the need for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector in adapting to changes in the business environment. Purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to validate, evaluate and discuss the functionality and content of the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0 and its applicability in business practice, specifically focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises in the area of knowledge-intensive services. An integral part of the research is to assess selected negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business processes in the context of issues being tackled. Methodology. The methodological procedure to validate the functionality and content of the created methodology of the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Society 4.0 is based on the strategy of mixed research. An explorative sequence design was used as a key design of mixed dynamically oriented research, during which quantitative data collection, analysis and evaluation formed the basis for qualitative analysis and evaluation, which resulted in the interpretation and discussion of the research results and, at the end of the paper, the formulation of the issues that will be the next area of scientific research activity of the author’s team. In the quantitative part of the research, Fisher’s exact test was used for the verification of difference statistics in data obtained from testing a sample of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and from external project application sponsors providing services to this category of enterprises. In the qualitative part of the research, the Atlas.ti software was used for the evaluation of information obtained with respect to the methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises for encoding, processing and interpretation of qualitative data and semantic networks were created for the individual sub-categories of evaluation. Findings & Value Added. The research result proved that the adequacy of the content and functionality of the checked methodology of adaptation of SMEs strongly corresponds to the needs and requirements of micro and small enterprises in particular that conduct business in the area of knowledge-intensive services. Barriers, limits, needs and potential in individual categories of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises were identified which are related to the use of technologies and tools of Society 4.0, to new requirements for knowledge and skills qualifications of labor and to the relation of SMEs to innovations in business processes. The results of validation of the methodology of adaptation of SMEs in the knowledge-intensive service sector confirmed that the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises is applicable to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0. in the real conditions of business practice.
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来源期刊
Economic Annals-XXI
Economic Annals-XXI ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Economic Annals-XXI Journal – recognized in Ukraine and abroad scientific-analytic edition. Scientific articles of leading Ukrainian and other foreign scientists, postgraduate students and doctorates, deputies of Ukraine, heads of state and local authorities, materials of scientific conferences and seminars; reviews on scientific monographs, etc. are regularly published in this Journal.
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