类葡萄大菌作为森林生态系统破坏的指示物和生物量积累的减少者的作用

Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance
I. Kulbanska, H. Boiko, Maryna Shvets, Anatoliy Vyshnevsky, Y. Savchenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

叶鞘类大型真菌是天然和人工生物群落,特别是森林生态系统中的关键环节。它们的特殊性是由于形态的多样性和在各种基质中定殖的能力。建立这类真菌的生物组织的基本问题,考虑到它们的具体特征和与一般生态模式的结合,为它们的进一步研究、保护和实际应用(特别是在指示和监测森林生物群落的状态时)奠定了必要的基础。本研究的目的是建立Zhytomyr Polisia林分无叶鞘类大型真菌的物种组成、分类结构和分布(按真菌层)。在研究过程中,使用了经典的植物病理学和林业清查(生物特征)分析方法。真菌学的特殊方法,特别是真菌学指征,也被用于鉴定和检查无叶鞘状大型真菌。Zhytomyr Polisia林分的无柄大型真菌真菌群有27种,隶属于担子菌门真菌纲8目17科,是欧洲温带的典型菌群。研究组的系统组成部分按以下顺序排列:多孔菌(占其总数的40.7%)、膜壳菌(18.5%)、沉香菌(14.8%)、红菇(11.2%)、斑蝥属、丝兰属、黑木耳属和蛾类(各3.7%)。对无柄大型真菌的食物结构的分析表明,大多数真菌区系是由无柄营养物种组成的复合体,在较小程度上,寄生真菌(例如,猪笼草、粗壮Phellinus robustus、异担子菌annosum)和腐殖质无柄营养菌(Thelephora terrestris)也很常见。真菌层对大型真菌的分布表明,超过70%的发现位于地下真菌层,根真菌层的特征是大型真菌的发现数量和种类最少。在森林边缘地区,无叶鞘类大型真菌的物种多样性逐渐减少,这表明森林生态系统退化过程处于根本不同的阶段。作为森林生态系统状态的生物指标,调查木本植物物种和无叶鞘类大型真菌之间的历史关系,将进一步形成“森林生物群落完整性破坏图”,用于分析卫生风险,这应在森林保护实践中实施
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of aphyllophoroid macromycetes as indicators of forest ecosystem disruption and reducers of biomass accumulation
Aphyllophoroid macromycetes are a key link in natural and artificial biocenoses, in particular, forest ecosystems. Their peculiarity is due to the variety of morphological forms and the ability to colonise various substrates. The establishment of fundamental issues of the biotic organisation of this group of fungi, which considers both their specific features and integration into general ecological patterns, forms the necessary basis for their further research, protection, and practical use (in particular, when indicating and monitoring the state of forest biocenoses). The purpose of the study was to establish the species composition, taxonomic structure, and distribution (by mycohorizons) of aphyllophoroid macromycetes of forest stands in Zhytomyr Polissia. In the course of the study, classical phytopathological and forestry-inventory (biometric) analysis methods were used. Special methods of mycology, in particular, mycoindication, were also used in terms of identifying and examining aphyllophoroid macromycetes. Mycoflora of aphyllophoroid macromycetes of forest stands of Zhytomyr Polissia has 27 species belonging to 17 families, 8 orders of the Agaricomycetes class of the Basidiomycota division and is typical for the European temperate zone. The systematic component of the group under study is represented by the following orders: Polyporales (40.7% of their total number), Hymenochaetales (18.5%), Agaricales (14.8%), Russulales (11.2%), Cantharellales, Thelephorales, Auriculariales, and Gomphales (3.7% each). Analysis of the food structure of aphyllophoroid macromycetes shows that most of the mycoflora is represented by a complex of saproxilotrophic species, to a lesser extent parasite fungus (for example, Inonotus hispidus, Phellinus robustus, Heterobasidion annosum) and humus saprotrophs (Thelephora terrestris) are noted. The distribution of macromycetes by mycohorizons identifies that more than 70% of all finds were located in the subsurface mycohorizon, and the root mycohorizon is characterised by the smallest number of finds and species of macromycetes. There is a gradual decrease in the species diversity of aphyllophoroid macromycetes in the forest edge areas, which demonstrates fundamentally different stages of forest ecosystem degradation processes. The investigation of historical relationships between woody plant species and aphyllophoroid macromycetes, which act as biological indicators of the state of forest ecosystems, will further allow forming the of “maps of disruption of the integrity of forest biocenoses” for the analysis of sanitary risks, which should be implemented in the practice of forest protection
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Naukovi gorizonti
Naukovi gorizonti Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
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