El Canal Beagle y consulta popular en 1984. Relaciones internacionales y política interna argentina

espanolEn el contexto de la reciente vuelta a la democracia en la Argentina, y a menos de un ano de la asuncion de Raul Alfonsin, se realizo en 1984 una consulta popular no vinculante respecto de una propuesta de paz con Chile, referida a la cuestion del canal Beagle. Consideramos que se trata de un hecho que es necesario revisar, ya que la poblacion fue convocada a votar respecto de un conflicto internacional, fenomeno poco frecuente. Ello conllevo intensos debates y complejos alineamientos en los partidos politicos. Parece interesante analizar como se entrecruzan las posiciones internacionales, el escenario de disputa entre las potencias y la dinamica politica interna, tan compleja en el periodo. Por eso, identificaremos en este articulo las distintas posiciones de los partidos politicos, corporaciones y fuerzas politicas mas representativas, para analizar en que medida los debates respondieron a una evaluacion de la circunstancia internacional y/o a la compleja dinamica politica interna. Es objetivo de este trabajo abordar los condicionantes internos de la politica internacional, variables muchas veces descuidadas a la hora de interpretar la politica exterior de los gobiernos dictatoriales o democraticos. EnglishWithin the context of the recent return to democracy in Argentina, and less than a year after Raul Alfonsin was elected president, a non-binding referendum over the Beagle Channel was held in 1984 regarding a peace proposal with Chile. We consider that such an event, of a population being asked to vote regarding an international conflict, should be examined, given it is such a rare phenomenon. The referendum led to intense debates and complex alignments between political parties. It is also interesting to analyze how international positions became intertwined, in an environment of disputes between rival powers, and internal political dynamics, all of which were complex during the period in question. We will therefore identify in this article the different positions of political parties, corporations and the most representative political forces, in order to analyze as to what extent the debates responded to an assessment of the international circumstance and/or the complexity of domestic political dynamics. The aim of this paper is to address the domestic determinants of international politics, which are variables that are often neglected when interpreting the foreign policy of dictatorial or democratic governments.