人类活动与人畜共患流行病:双向关系。COVID-19大流行案例

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
D. Tounta, P. Nastos, C. Tesseromatis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类有在许多方面破坏自然环境的倾向。砍伐森林和将森林转化为住宅、工业发展和扩大农作物种植,以及燃烧化石燃料,这些活动破坏了自然生态系统和野生动物,并助长了气候变化。因此,病原体和中间宿主(昆虫、啮齿动物、哺乳动物)的生命周期以及生物多样性受到影响。通过这些活动,人类遇到了传播病原体的野生动物,导致它们感染人畜共患病,并引起流行病,其影响是最终的接受者本人及其活动。本文旨在强调这些人类活动与流行病-大流行的发生之间的双向关系。我们将尝试通过对当前大流行的概述(SARS-CoV-2的起源、传播方式、COVID-19疾病的临床表现、天气和空气污染对患病率和死亡率的影响、大流行的影响和治疗)来阐述这种双向关系。它们被用作主要来源、科学文章、文献、网站和数据库(补充附录),用于分析人类人畜共患疾病(埃博拉、流感、莱姆病、登革热、霍乱、艾滋病/艾滋病毒、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV)发生和传播的相关因素。本文的结论是,人类今天面临两大挑战:控制COVID-19大流行和最大限度地降低未来发生新的全球卫生危机的风险。第一个目标可以通过所有人公平获得疫苗和治疗来实现。第二,需要国际社会作出重大改变,开始通过采取预防政策来保护自然环境及其生态系统。回顾2019冠状病毒病大流行,凸显人类活动与疫情的双向关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human activities and zoonotic epidemics: a two-way relationship. The case of the COVID-19 pandemic
Non-technical summary Humans have the tendency to damage the natural environment in many ways. Deforestation and conversion of forests for residential, industrial development, and expansion of agricultural crops, as well as the burning of fossil fuels, are some activities that disrupt natural ecosystems and wildlife and contribute to climate change. As a result, the life cycles of pathogens and intermediate hosts (insects, rodents, mammals) as well as biodiversity are affected. Through these activities, humans meet wild animals that transmit pathogens, resulting in their infection by zoonoses and causing epidemics–pandemics, the effects of which have as their final recipient himself and his activities. Technical summary This article aims to highlight the two-way relationship between those human activities and the occurrence of epidemics–pandemics. We will try to elaborate this two-way relationship, through the overview of the current pandemic (origin of SARS-CoV-2, modes of transmission, clinical picture of the disease of COVID-19, influence of weather and air pollution on prevalence and mortality, pandemic effects, and treatments). They are used as primary sources, scientific articles, literature, websites, and databases (Supplementary appendix) to analyze factors involved in the occurrence and transmission of zoonotic diseases in humans (Ebola, influenza, Lyme disease, dengue fever, cholera, AIDS/HIV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). The present paper concluded that humanity today faces two major challenges: controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and minimizing the risk of a new global health crisis occurring in the future. The first can be achieved through equitable access to vaccines and treatments for all people. The second needs the global community to make a great change and start protecting the natural environment and its ecosystems through the adoption of prevention policies. Summary of social media Two-way relationship between human activities and epidemics highlighted, through review of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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来源期刊
Global Sustainability
Global Sustainability Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
19
审稿时长
17 weeks
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