A case of isolated primary muscular tuberculosis of the gluteal region

Muscular tuberculosis is one of the rare types of tuberculosis, with an incidence of around 0.01%–1%. Muscular tuberculosis can be primary or secondary. Primary muscular tuberculosis can be due to direct trauma or direct inoculation of tuberculous bacilli. Secondary muscular tuberculosis is a part of disseminated tuberculosis. Our patient was initially diagnosed with pyogenic abscess and treated, but the patient failed to respond and later presented with multiple abscess cavity. Biopsy from the cavity wall proved as muscular tuberculosis and the patient responded well to anti-tuberculous treatment. Muscular tuberculosis must be considered one of the differential diagnoses for the patient with multiple gluteal discharging sinuses. The best investigation to confirm muscular tuberculosis is histopathological confirmation of granuloma.