Horn effect of tyre/road noise: modelling and experiments of acoustic network resonators in horn-like structures

The noise generated in the contact zone can be amplified by the horns made by the surfaces of the tyre and the road. Previous researches on the horn effect have only investigated smooth tyres and roads. In this work we take into account the tyre treads in the calculation of the horn effect. The air resonances and horn effects are studied in the same model. A model of flanged networks is established for the tyre/road system, and multi-domain coupling methods are developed for the calculation of the acoustic fields around the flanged networks. With this model the reductions of the amplifications of the horn effect by the networks can be estimated. The models of the flanged networks are also proved to be effective by the experiments. Wooden pipes between a wooden cylinder and a sheet of plywood are built for the validation. A real tyre on a sheet of plywood is also measured and calculated with the proposed methods.