民主与威权的社会等级制度:权力不对称与委托-代理链之间的平衡

IF 1.3 4区社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2020-03-13 DOI:10.1177/1043463120904051

Björn Toelstede

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引用次数: 5

摘要

社会等级制度既存在于民主社会，也存在于专制社会。然而，它们的性质是不同的。民主的等级制度是自下而上通过选举建立起来的，而专制的等级制度是自上而下通过统治建立起来的。然而，两者都存在弱势公民和强势政客之间的权力不对称，等级制度越强，这种不对称就会被放大。本文介绍了一个将亲/反社会行为与不同程度的等级相结合的模型。有人认为，这个模型有能力根据这些标准对国家进行分类，并指出社会何时以及如何在民主和威权主义之间移动。重要的是，我说明了权力不对称和委托-代理链之间的平衡是理解民主何时以及为何有时超越为威权主义的关键。

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Social hierarchies in democracies and authoritarianism: The balance between power asymmetries and principal-agent chains

Social hierarchies exist in democracies as well as in authoritarian societies. However, their nature is different. Democratic hierarchies are built bottom-up through election while autocratic hierarchies are built top-down through domination. Both, however, have power asymmetries between the weaker citizens and the stronger politicians, which are amplified the stronger the hierarchies are. This manuscript introduces a model that combines pro-/anti-social behavior with different degrees of hierarchies. It is argued that this model has the power to categorize countries according to these criteria and indicate when and how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism. Importantly, I illustrate that the balance between power asymmetries and principal-agent chains is key for understanding when and why democracies sometimes transcend into authoritarianism.

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来源期刊

Rationality and Society SOCIOLOGY-

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Rationality & Society focuses on the growing contributions of rational-action based theory, and the questions and controversies surrounding this growth. Why Choose Rationality and Society? The trend toward ever-greater specialization in many areas of intellectual life has lead to fragmentation that deprives scholars of the ability to communicate even in closely adjoining fields. The emergence of the rational action paradigm as the inter-lingua of the social sciences is a remarkable exception to this trend. It is the one paradigm that offers the promise of bringing greater theoretical unity across disciplines such as economics, sociology, political science, cognitive psychology, moral philosophy and law.