The triangle grid, the evolution of layered shells since the beginning of the 19th century

Abstract This paper presents the evolution of and influence that the use of a triangular grid has had on the transformation of layered grid structures during the last two centuries. Historical facts, technological advances, economic and social crises among other factors influence the process of change and evolution of the grid systems in architecture to make construction processes more efficient by reducing the consumption of materials and qualified labor. Geometry and structure innovate styles and processes that are perfected over the years, achieving lighter and more stable structures. For the purpose of this paper historical data will be collected that allows the development of a theory that shows the influence of various periods based on technological advances. This research shows four historical periods in the evolution of layered grid structures. Being the triangular grid a widely used methodology in the construction of a diversity of geometric proposals and innovative construction systems for the solution of a diversity of buildings from the first domes built in the early 19th century to the free-form structures built from the late 20th century to the present day.