《如果书能杀人:列夫·托尔斯泰与文化冷战

IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
M. Kaufman
{"title":"《如果书能杀人:列夫·托尔斯泰与文化冷战","authors":"M. Kaufman","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.0003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Drawing on declassified Central Intelligence Agency files and the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) archives held at the University of Chicago, this essay investigates how the CIA and its cover organizations sought to manipulate the legacy of Leo Tolstoy as part of the larger Cultural Cold War. In 1960, the CCF marked the fiftieth anniversary of Tolstoy's death by organizing a conference that attracted a wide range of writers and academics from around the world. Secretly sponsored by the CIA, the Tolstoy gathering, which took place in Venice in the summer of 1960, was intended to counter similar events planned by the Soviets, which the CIA feared would portray the Russian novelist as a prophet of Bolshevism. In response, the West hoped to claim Tolstoy as a thinker whose individualist philosophy was unassimilable to either Marxism or capitalism. Essentially, they sought to secularize his Christian anarchism as a form of radical liberty. However, this essay argues, the intelligence community's appropriation of the humanities ultimately conflicts with the pacifist writer's antipathy toward state sponsorship of the arts and the weaponization of culture in the service of nationalistic agendas.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"75 1","pages":"51 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"If Books Could Kill: Leo Tolstoy and the Cultural Cold War\",\"authors\":\"M. Kaufman\",\"doi\":\"10.1353/aq.2023.0003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract:Drawing on declassified Central Intelligence Agency files and the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) archives held at the University of Chicago, this essay investigates how the CIA and its cover organizations sought to manipulate the legacy of Leo Tolstoy as part of the larger Cultural Cold War. In 1960, the CCF marked the fiftieth anniversary of Tolstoy's death by organizing a conference that attracted a wide range of writers and academics from around the world. Secretly sponsored by the CIA, the Tolstoy gathering, which took place in Venice in the summer of 1960, was intended to counter similar events planned by the Soviets, which the CIA feared would portray the Russian novelist as a prophet of Bolshevism. In response, the West hoped to claim Tolstoy as a thinker whose individualist philosophy was unassimilable to either Marxism or capitalism. Essentially, they sought to secularize his Christian anarchism as a form of radical liberty. However, this essay argues, the intelligence community's appropriation of the humanities ultimately conflicts with the pacifist writer's antipathy toward state sponsorship of the arts and the weaponization of culture in the service of nationalistic agendas.\",\"PeriodicalId\":51543,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"AMERICAN QUARTERLY\",\"volume\":\"75 1\",\"pages\":\"51 - 73\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"AMERICAN QUARTERLY\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.0003\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"社会学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.0003","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本文利用美国中央情报局(CIA)的解密文件和芝加哥大学文化自由大会(CCF)的档案,调查了CIA及其掩护组织如何试图操纵列夫·托尔斯泰的遗产,作为更大的文化冷战的一部分。1960年,CCF为纪念托尔斯泰逝世50周年,组织了一次会议,吸引了来自世界各地的作家和学者。由中央情报局秘密赞助的托尔斯泰聚会于1960年夏天在威尼斯举行,旨在对抗苏联策划的类似活动,中央情报局担心这些活动会将俄罗斯小说家描绘成布尔什维克主义的先知。作为回应,西方希望宣称托尔斯泰是一位思想家,他的个人主义哲学与马克思主义或资本主义都不可同化。从本质上讲,他们试图将他的基督教无政府主义世俗化,作为一种激进自由的形式。然而,本文认为,情报界对人文学科的挪用最终与和平主义作家对国家赞助艺术和为民族主义议程服务的文化武器化的反感相冲突。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
If Books Could Kill: Leo Tolstoy and the Cultural Cold War
Abstract:Drawing on declassified Central Intelligence Agency files and the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) archives held at the University of Chicago, this essay investigates how the CIA and its cover organizations sought to manipulate the legacy of Leo Tolstoy as part of the larger Cultural Cold War. In 1960, the CCF marked the fiftieth anniversary of Tolstoy's death by organizing a conference that attracted a wide range of writers and academics from around the world. Secretly sponsored by the CIA, the Tolstoy gathering, which took place in Venice in the summer of 1960, was intended to counter similar events planned by the Soviets, which the CIA feared would portray the Russian novelist as a prophet of Bolshevism. In response, the West hoped to claim Tolstoy as a thinker whose individualist philosophy was unassimilable to either Marxism or capitalism. Essentially, they sought to secularize his Christian anarchism as a form of radical liberty. However, this essay argues, the intelligence community's appropriation of the humanities ultimately conflicts with the pacifist writer's antipathy toward state sponsorship of the arts and the weaponization of culture in the service of nationalistic agendas.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
AMERICAN QUARTERLY
AMERICAN QUARTERLY HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: American Quarterly represents innovative interdisciplinary scholarship that engages with key issues in American Studies. The journal publishes essays that examine American societies and cultures, past and present, in global and local contexts. This includes work that contributes to our understanding of the United States in its diversity, its relations with its hemispheric neighbors, and its impact on world politics and culture. Through the publication of reviews of books, exhibitions, and diverse media, the journal seeks to make available the broad range of emergent approaches to American Studies.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信