国歌抗议、观众政治和对NFL比赛的需求:评估国歌抗议对观众的影响

IF 1.8 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Sports Economics Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI:10.1177/15270025221078009

Noah Sperling, Donald Vandegrift

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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文分析了国歌抗议对美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)比赛收视率的影响，控制了NFL市场特定的政治信仰和其他需求决定因素。为了捕捉抗议活动对观众的影响，我们创建了两类抗议活动(明确的和模糊的抗议活动)，并支持基于抗议的意义、NFL所有者的行动和唐纳德·特朗普的声明进行分类。使用2014年至2017年NFL常规赛季所有周日早间和傍晚比赛的数据，我们表明:(1)明确的抗议活动在抗议活动后一周减少了约15%的收视率，而模糊的抗议活动通常不会产生统计上显着的收视率下降;(2)在2016年对唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)投了更多票的地铁地区，明确的抗议活动对收视率的负面影响尤为强烈;(3)在唐纳德·特朗普在2017赛季的第三周发表声明之后，模棱两可和明确的抗议活动都增加了，而且模棱两可的抗议活动增加得特别大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Anthem Protests, Viewer Politics, and the Demand for NFL Games: Assessing the Impact of National Anthem Protests on Viewership

This paper analyzes the effect of anthem protests on viewership for National Football League (NFL) games controlling for measures of NFL market-specific political beliefs and other demand determinants. To capture the effect of the protests on viewership, we create two classes of protests (unambiguous and ambiguous protests) and support the classification based on the meaning of the protest, actions by NFL owners, and statements by Donald Trump. Using data from all early and late-afternoon Sunday games from the 2014 through 2017 regular NFL seasons, we show that: (1) unambiguous protests reduce viewership in the week following the protests by about 15% while ambiguous protests do not generally produce statistically significant reductions in viewership; (2) the negative effect of unambiguous protests on viewership is particularly strong in metro locations that voted more heavily for Donald Trump in 2016; and (3) following Donald Trump's statements in week 3 of the 2017 season, both ambiguous and unambiguous protests increased and the increase in ambiguous protests was particularly large.

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来源期刊

Journal of Sports Economics Multiple-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

17.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Journal of Sports Economics publishes scholarly research in the field of sports economics. The aim of the journal is to further research in the area of sports economics by bringing together theoretical and empirical research in a single intellectual venue. Relevant topics include: labor market research; labor-management relations; collective bargaining; wage determination; local public finance; and other fields related to the economics of sports. Published quarterly, the Journal of Sports Economics is unique in that it is the only journal devoted specifically to this rapidly growing field.