Concentration of Ammonia Related to Fuel-Types of Vehicle in Urban Tunnel

Particulate matter (PM) is well known to be greatly affected by the vehicle emissions, which can affect climate change and the human body. Recently, the number of vehicles has been increasing continuously in Korea. However, there are still very few studies on the relationships between ammonia emitted from types of vehicles. Therefore, this study aims to directly monitor the ammonia both inside and outside of tunnel to understand the roadside concentrations of ammonia. As a result, the average concentrations of ammonia present 110 ppb and 79 ppb for inside and outside of tunnel, respectively. In addition, concentrations of ammonia show day time maximum at 17:00. The high coefficient of determination between ammonia and gasoline vehicle indicates that gasoline-vehicle can be the main source of ammonia in the urban area.