智利北部以凤尾鱼(Engraulis ringens)为目标的围网渔业的物种组成分析

Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI:10.4067/s0718-19572018000100051
Carola Hernández-Santoro, Benjamín Suárez-Ahumada
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引用次数: 0

摘要

西班牙摘要:分析了智利北部工业和手工渔业的渔获量中的物种组成和比例。这项研究利用了2004年至2012年期间通过智利北部地区远洋渔业监测方案在渔船上获得的生物渔业信息。分析了9639次捕鱼发射。确定了四个捕获剖面,解释了34.27%的方差。这些剖面主要由凤尾鱼Englaulis ringens、Jurel Trachurus murphyi和鲭鱼Scomber japonicus组成,凤尾鱼的比例很高。只有一个侧面展示了构成伴生动物的物种。使用广义线性模型,研究了船队类型、时间变异性(登陆年、月和季度)、白天时间、地理位置、喷枪表面温度、捕鱼区和距海岸的距离对渔获量剖面组成的影响。对捕获概况影响最大的统计变量是重新捕获季度、一天中的时间、面积、到海岸的距离和温度。观察到非目标物种比例较低,主要受捕鱼区和白天的影响。英文摘要:在智利北部发生的工业和手工纯塞纳河渔业中,分析了渔获量的组成和物种比例。这项研究使用了2004年至2012年通过智利北部地区远洋渔业监测方案在渔船上获得的生物和渔业信息。分析了9639个鱼叉。四份捕获概况解释了34.27%的差异。捕获概况主要由Anchovy Englaulis Ringens、Jack Mackerel Trachurus Murphyi和Mackerel Scomber Japonicus组成。凤尾鱼是主要物种。只有一个捕获轮廓分组为非目标物种。利用GLM分析了船队类型、时间变异性(到达的年、月和季度)、白天、地理位置、海面温度、渔区和海岸线距离对渔获量剖面组成的影响。到达时间、白天、渔区、海岸线和海面温度三个变量对渔获量剖面的统计影响最大。观察到的非目标物种比例很低,主要受渔区和一天的时间的影响。
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Análisis de la composición de especies en la pesquería de cerco orientada a la captura de anchoveta ( Engraulis ringens ) en la Zona Norte de Chile
espanolResumen: Se analizo la composicion y proporcion de especies en las capturas de la pesqueria industrial y artesanal que opera con red de cerco de la zona norte de Chile. En este estudio se utilizo informacion biologico-pesquera obtenida a bordo de embarcaciones pesqueras entre los anos 2004 y 2012, a traves del Programa de Seguimiento de Pesqueria Pelagicas de la Zona Norte de Chile. Se analizaron 9.639 lances de pesca. Se determinaron cuatro perfiles se captura que explicaron un 34,27% de la varianza. Los perfiles estuvieron compuestos principalmente por anchoveta Engraulis ringens, jurel Trachurus murphyi y caballa Scomber japonicus, con un alto porcentaje de anchoveta. Solo un perfil presento especies que componen la fauna acompanante. Se examino la influencia del tipo de flota, la variabilidad temporal (ano, mes y trimestre de recalada), el periodo del dia, la posicion geografica, la temperatura superficial del lance, la zona de pesca y la distancia a la costa en la composicion de los perfiles de captura utilizando modelos lineales generalizados. Las variables con mayor influencia estadistica sobre los perfiles de captura fueron el trimestre de recalada, el periodo del dia, la zona, la distancia a la costa y la temperatura. Se observo una baja proporcion de especies no objetivo, influenciadas principalmente por la zona de pesca y el periodo del dia. EnglishAbstract: The composition and species proportion of catch were analyzed in the industrial and artisanal purse seine fishery occurred in the north of Chile. Biological and fishing information obtained on board fishing vessels between 2004 and 2012 through the Monitoring Program of Pelagic Fisheries in North Zone of Chile were used in this study. 9639 fishing hauls were analyzed. Four catch profiles explained the 34.27% of variance. The catch profiles were mainly composed by anchovy Engraulis ringens, jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi and mackerel Scomber japonicus. Anchovy was the dominant species. Only one catch profile grouped non-target species. Using GLM, the influence of type of fleet, temporal variability (year, month and trimester of arrival), day period, geographic position, sea surface temperature, fishing zone and coast distance in the catch profiles composition were analyzed. The trimester of arrival, day period, fishing zone, coast distance and sea surface temperature were the variables with greater statistical influence on catch profiles. A low proportion of non-target species was observed, influenced mainly by the fishing zone and the period of the day.
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