An Assessment of Extra-Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Extremes Over the Southern Hemisphere Using ERA5

ERA5 reanalysis is used to examine extreme precipitation using a spatially dependent precipitation threshold applied within a cyclone compositing framework. This is used to account for regional variation in precipitation generating processes within Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclones across the cyclone lifecycle. The spatial extent of extreme precipitation is limited to a smaller region around the cyclone center compared to non-extreme precipitation, though extreme precipitation displays a good spatial correlation with non-extreme precipitation. Extreme precipitation occurs more often during the deepening phase of the cyclone before it reaches peak intensity. Precipitation occurrence at the 90th and 98th percentiles reduces to 46% and 30% of the deepening value across the cyclone lifecycle, averaged over the composite. Precipitation fraction at the 90th and 98th percentile reduces to 80% and 60% of the deepening value. Our methodology provides a quantitative assessment of precipitation extremes both spatially and temporally, within a cyclone compositing framework.