The Extract of Bombax Costatum Bark Improves Depression and Epileptic Seizures in Rats

Background: The plant Bombax costatum (BC) has been used traditionally in Nigeria for the management of various ailments. The chloroform extract of BC bark was investigated for its potential effects against the induced seizures and depression in rats. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six. Group I received normal saline, group II received pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 35 mg/kg), group III received diazepam (5 mg/kg) plus PTZ at 35 mg/kg, group IV received 250 mg/kg of the BC extract, and group V received 500 mg/kg of the same extract. The above protocol was repeated on alternate days from the first to twenty 5th days. Results: Tukey’s post hoc test revealed a statistically significant increase in the seizure scores after using PTZ (3.38±0.29, P<0.0001), in contrast to a decrease in the seizures after treatment with the BC extract (250 mg/kg; 2.72±0.25, P=0.0001). The analysis of variance for forced swimming test showed a significant decrease in immobility time if treatment with the extract (250 mg/kg; 125±5.59; P=0.01). The immobility duration increased with the PTZ treatment (163.8±12.03). The brain’s dopamine and serotonin levels under PTZ effect significantly decreased to 140.2±15.66 and 26.38±1.16, respectively, when the rats were treated with the extract at 500 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the BC extract has anticonvulsive and anti-depressive properties, thus it offers neuro-protection against both conditions, induced by PTZ in rats.