中新世火山碎屑形成的山麓环境中火成岩岩相与地形的关系——以匈牙利北部b kkalja为例

IF 1.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY
T. Biró, M. Hencz, T. Telbisz, Z. Cseri, D. Karátson
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引用次数: 3

摘要

在以火山碎屑岩为主的火山田序列中,具有极易受侵蚀性的单元是典型的。焊接熔结凝灰岩通常耐侵蚀,因此,经过数百万年的剥蚀,它们通常表现为正地貌,即台地或倾斜高原。Bükkalja火山区是北匈牙利山脉最延伸的山麓地区的一部分,主要由中新世熔结凝灰岩组成,其海拔、坡度、坡向以及地形开阔度的频率分布,使用基于30 m分辨率SRTM的数字表面模型,在距离熔结凝灰岩假定来源地不同相对距离的四个样本区域进行了研究,显示了非焊接相和焊接相。还沿着带状剖面检查了剥离程度。最靠近源区的样品区的地形以中等解剖的熔结凝灰岩板为主,向东南方向平缓倾斜。离源越远,地形以侵蚀谷和山脊为主,导致典型海拔范围越窄,坡度大于5°的像素比例越高,NE和SW暴露频率越高,更显著的切口导致更频繁的像素具有小于1.5弧度的正地形开放度。熔结凝灰岩的厚度和侵位温度越高,通常显示焊接相,在靠近源喷口的地方越常见。因此,破火山口周围的侵蚀模式可用于得出最强烈熔结凝灰岩堆积的空间范围的结论,即即使在高度侵蚀的熔结凝灰岩场中,喷发中心的位置也是如此。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The relationship between ignimbrite lithofacies and topography in a foothill setting formed on Miocene pyroclastics – a case study from the Bükkalja, Northern Hungary
Units with extremely variable erodibility are typical in the succession of pyroclastic-dominated volcanic fields. Welded ignimbrites are usually resistant to erosion, thus, they often appear as positive landforms, i.e., mesas or tilted plateaus after millions of years of denudation. The Bükkalja Volcanic Area being part of the most extended foothill area of the North Hungarian Mountains, is composed predominantly of Miocene ignimbrites, where the frequency distributions of elevation a.s.l., slope, aspect, as well as topographic openness, were investigated using a 30 m resolution SRTM-based digital surface model at four sample areas located at different relative distances from the assumed source localities of the ignimbrites, showing both non-welded and welded facies. The degree of dissection was also examined along swath profiles. The topography of the sample area closest to the source localities is dominated by slabs of moderately dissected welded ignimbrites, gently dipping towards SE. Farther away from the source the topography is dominated by erosional valleys and ridges, resulting in a narrower typical elevation range, a higher proportion of pixels with greater than 5° slope, higher frequencies of NE and SW exposures, and more significant incision resulted in more frequent pixels with positive topographic openness less than 1.5 radians here. Higher thicknesses and emplacement temperatures of ignimbrites, often showing welded facies are more common closer to the source vent. Thus, the erosional pattern around calderas can be used to draw conclusions on the spatial extent of the most intense ignimbrite accumulation, i.e., the location of eruption centres even in highly eroded ignimbrite fields.
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来源期刊
Hungarian Geographical Bulletin
Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
24 weeks
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