Introductory Review on All-Optical Machine Learning Leap in Photonic Integrated Circuits

The human brain is the most complex circuit on the planet and the circuits inspired by the operation of the biological neuron are the most desired computing need. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are circuits that can replicate the biological neuron. Optical computing already doing wonders in integrated circuit technology and therefore the photonic implementation of neural networks is one of the most appealing technologies of the current era due to its low power consumption and high bandwidth. The ANN models are designed as per the signal processing of the human brain therefore they can be used to improve the analytic power of any system. This article reviews the advancement in optical neural networks and their application for future perspective.