Specification of the Properties and Effects of Additives and Admixtures on a Mixture Suitable for 3D Printing of Buildings

Abstract This article focuses on 3D printing of buildings using cement mortar-based material. Specific requirements are necessary for such a material; it therefore must have different properties compared to conventional cement mortar. These properties of a fresh mixture and the possibilities for their testing are described in more detail in the first part of the article. Specifically, these are pumpability, printability, buildability, and workability. In order to achieve these properties, it is necessary to add various additives and admixtures to the mixtures, in addition to the basic components such as water, sand, and cement. Scientists around the world are working to create an optimal mix. The second part of this article presents an overview of the most commonly used ingredients and their effect on the properties of the mixture.