美国维持国防开支的国内压力:以V-22鱼鹰为例

Juliano da Silva Cortinhas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文以V-22鱼鹰为例,分析了国内环境在美国国防预算讨论中的重要性。在乔治·布什执政期间,行政部门提议连续四年关闭该项目,但国会阻止了削减。这个论点是从所谓的铁三角的三个方面(军队、国会议员和商人)的行动发展而来的。尽管这是一个效率低下的项目,而且成本比最初预期的要高得多,但由于与该项目相关的特定利益(政治或经济),这组参与者确保了鱼鹰的生存。讨论的目的是表明,仅将美国的战略决策与国际环境联系起来的观点是不完整的。V-22的案例是典型的,但不是孤立的。每年,各种武器计划都受益于其国内政治力量,以保持活跃。因此,本文有助于加深对特定利益如何影响该国战略决策的认识。这篇文章通过V-22“鹰”案分析了国内环境在美国国防预算讨论中的重要性。在乔治·布什政府期间,行政部门提议将该项目直接关闭四年,但国会阻止了削减。这一论点是基于对所谓铁三角的三个方面(军人、国会议员和商人)的表现的分析。我被一个inefficient项目,有多高的成本比initially anticipated,这些演员ensured鱼鹰’的生存,因为特定的政治或经济利益()他们的计划。讨论的目的是要表明,把美国的战略决策完全同国际环境联系起来的观点是不完整的。-22 V是paradigmatic的案例,而不是孤立的。每一年,各种武器’项目效益从美国国内政治力量保持活跃。因此,本文有助于理解具体利益如何影响该国的战略决策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
As pressões domésticas pela manutenção dos gastos com defesa pelos Estados Unidos: O caso do V-22 Osprey
RESUMO O artigo analisa a importância do ambiente domestico nas discussoes do orcamento de defesa estadunidense por meio do caso do V-22 Osprey. Durante a gestao de George Bush, o Executivo propos o encerramento do programa por quatro anos seguidos, mas o Congresso impediu o corte. A argumentacao se desenvolve a partir da atuacao dos tres vertices do chamado Triângulo de Ferro (militares, congressistas e empresarios). Apesar de ser um programa ineficiente e que apresentou custos muito mais altos do que inicialmente previsto, esse conjunto de atores garantiu a sobrevivencia do Osprey devido a interesses especificos (politicos ou economicos) que possuiam em relacao ao programa. A discussao pretende demonstrar que as visoes que associam as decisoes estrategicas dos EUA somente ao ambiente internacional sao incompletas. O caso do V-22 e paradigmatico, mas nao isolado. A cada ano, diversos programas de armamentos se beneficiam de sua forca politica domestica para se manterem ativos. Desse modo, o artigo contribui para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre como interesses especificos comprometem decisoes estrategicas naquele pais.  ABSTRACT The article analyzes the importance of the domestic environment in the American defense budget discussions through the V-22 Osprey case. During George Bush’s administration, the executive proposed closing the program for four straight years, but Congress prevented the cut. The argument is based on the analysis of the performance of the three vertices of the so-called Iron Triangle (military, congressmen and businessmen). Despite being an inefficient program that had much higher costs than initially anticipated, these actors ensured the Osprey’s survival because of the specific interests (political or economic) they had over the program. The discussion is intended to demonstrate that the views that associate US strategic decisions exclusively with the international environment are incomplete. The case of the V-22 is paradigmatic, but not isolated. Each year, various weapons’ programs benefit from their domestic political strength to remain active. Thus, the article contributes to the understanding of how specific interests compromise strategic decisions in that country.
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