解决气候危机:臭氧消耗和COVID-19的教训

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
M. Baldwin, T. Lenton
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引用次数: 14

摘要

摘要“气候危机”描述了人类造成的全球变暖和气候变化及其后果。它传达了人类未能采取足够行动减缓、阻止和扭转全球变暖的紧迫感。气候危机的主要直接原因是燃烧化石燃料产生的副产品二氧化碳,占世界能源的87%。气候危机的第二个最重要原因是砍伐森林,为作物和牲畜创造更多的土地。解决方案被称为“将化石碳留在地下”和“结束森林砍伐”。气候政策没有解决化石燃料供应问题,而是几乎完全关注需求方,将温室气体排放归咎于化石燃料用户。我们没有解决气候危机的根本原因不是缺乏绿色能源解决方案。各国政府应继续实施优先考虑化石燃料的能源战略。这些根深蒂固的能源政策补贴化石燃料的发现、开采、运输和销售,目的是确保未来化石能源的廉价、充足、稳定供应。本文将气候危机与另外两个环境危机进行了比较:臭氧消耗和新冠肺炎大流行。停止和扭转对臭氧层的破坏是人类最伟大的环境成功故事之一。世界对新冠肺炎的反应表明,各国政府有可能采取果断行动,避免迫在眉睫的危机。解决这两种危机的方法是相同的:(1)通过专家科学建议确定问题的确切原因;(2) 在公众的支持下,通过关注问题原因的立法;以及(3)采用稳健的反馈机制来评估进展并调整方法。这还没有解决气候危机,但可以在2015年《巴黎气候协定》框架内开展工作。每个国家都可以通过以下方式为解决气候危机做出贡献:(1)将其能源战略转变为绿色能源,而不是化石燃料;(2)严格审查影响气候危机的每一项法律、政策和贸易协定(包括运输、粮食生产、粮食来源和土地使用)。社交媒体摘要为了解决气候危机,政府必须终止支持化石燃料的政策,而不仅仅是支持可再生能源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Solving the climate crisis: lessons from ozone depletion and COVID-19
Abstract The ‘climate crisis’ describes human-caused global warming and climate change and its consequences. It conveys the sense of urgency surrounding humanity's failure to take sufficient action to slow down, stop and reverse global warming. The leading direct cause of the climate crisis is carbon dioxide (CO2) released as a by-product of burning fossil fuels,i which supply ~87% of the world's energy. The second most important cause of the climate crisis is deforestation to create more land for crops and livestock. The solutions have been stated as simply ‘leave the fossil carbon in the ground’ and ‘end deforestation’. Rather than address fossil fuel supplies, climate policies focus almost exclusively on the demand side, blaming fossil fuel users for greenhouse gas emissions. The fundamental reason that we are not solving the climate crisis is not a lack of green energy solutions. It is that governments continue with energy strategies that prioritize fossil fuels. These entrenched energy policies subsidize the discovery, extraction, transport and sale of fossil fuels, with the aim of ensuring a cheap, plentiful, steady supply of fossil energy into the future. This paper compares the climate crisis to two other environmental crises: ozone depletion and the COVID-19 pandemic. Halting and reversing damage to the ozone layer is one of humanity's greatest environmental success stories. The world's response to COVID-19 demonstrates that it is possible for governments to take decisive action to avert an imminent crisis. The approach to solving both of these crises was the same: (1) identify the precise cause of the problem through expert scientific advice; (2) with support by the public, pass legislation focused on the cause of the problem; and (3) employ a robust feedback mechanism to assess progress and adjust the approach. This is not yet being done to solve the climate crisis, but working within the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement framework, it could be. Every nation can contribute to solving the climate crisis by: (1) changing their energy strategy to green energy sources instead of fossil fuels; and (2) critically reviewing every law, policy and trade agreement (including transport, food production, food sources and land use) that affects the climate crisis. Social media summary To solve the climate crisis, governments must end policies that support fossil fuels, not just support renewable energy.
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来源期刊
Global Sustainability
Global Sustainability Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
19
审稿时长
17 weeks
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