对欧盟自然恢复法规提案的批判性分析:问题已经解决了吗?

Q3 Social Sciences
Niels Hoek
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引用次数: 2

摘要

欧洲的生物多样性正在急剧下降,部分原因是气候变化、污染、过度开发和土地利用的变化。鉴于这种下降,作为欧盟自然保护法基石的《栖息地指令》一直受到批评。可以观察到,该指令在自然恢复(从连通性恢复到气候变化适应)方面缺乏(有约束力的)规范。然而,在2022年6月,欧盟委员会发布了一项关于自然恢复条例的提案,该提案补充了欧盟自然保护法中的现有制度,并引入了旨在恢复欧盟生物多样性的制度。反过来,本文讨论了该提案是否充分解决了生境指令中与生态系统恢复相关的空白、薄弱规范和系统性问题。报告发现,引入具体的自然恢复规范(配备了历史基线和随后的最后期限)确实解决了现代自然保护法中的关键空白,同时采取了更全面的恢复方法。然而,为了充分解决《栖息地指令》中的差距,仍然需要进行额外的调整,例如,关于连通性恢复和物种重新引入的可量化目标仍然缺失。关于总体目标的稳健性、减轻自然生境污染以及其附件的全面性和灵活性,可以提出进一步的问题。生物多样性,自然恢复条例,恢复,欧盟生物多样性战略2030,欧盟自然保护法,欧洲绿色协议,栖息地指令,欧盟自然恢复法
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Critical Analysis of the Proposed EU Regulation on Nature Restoration: Have the Problems Been Resolved?
European biodiversity is on a steep decline, in part due to climate change, pollution, overexploitation and changes in land use. In light of this decline, the Habitats Directive, the cornerstone of EU nature conservation law, has been the subject of critique. It can be observed that the Directive suffers from lacklustre (binding) norms on nature restoration – from connectivity restoration to climate change adaptation. However, in June of 2022, the European Commission published a proposal for a Regulation on Nature Restoration, which supplements the existing regimes withinEUnature conservation law – and introduces regimes meant to restore biodiversity within the EU. In turn, this article discusses whether the gaps, weak norms and systematic issues found within the Habitats Directive, related to the restoration of ecosystems, have been sufficiently addressed by this Proposal. It finds that the introduction of specific norms on nature restoration, which are equipped with a historic baseline and subsequent deadlines, do address key gaps within modern- day nature conservation law – whilst taking on a more holistic approach to restoration. However, additional tweaks are still desirable to fully address the gaps within the Habitats Directive as, for example, quantifiable targets for connectivity restoration and the reintroduction of species are still missing. Further questions can be raised regarding the robustness of the overarching target, the mitigation of pollution in natural habitats, and the comprehensiveness and flexibility of its annexes. Biodiversity, Nature Restoration Regulation, Restoration, EU biodiversity strategy 2030, EU Nature conservation law, The European Green Deal, Habitats Directive, EU Nature Restoration Law
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