Internationalisation of intellectual property. Trademark evidence from the Polish video game producers

The paper examines the patterns of trademark internationalisation performed by the Polish video game producers during 1994-2019. Theoretical deliberations were conducted along with the empirical analysis and future avenues for research. Final conclusions of the paper are: the level of trademarks internationalisation is moderate (more than half of the firms possesses at least one registered trademark abroad), it took seven years to apply for the first trademark since the firm foundation and 411 days to register the trademark successfully (average values), the most common patent office was USPTO, followed by the two harmonised frameworks: WIPO and EUIPO. The mean success rate of trademark application was high and amounted to 89%, however, a significantly higher success rate was observed in the case of EUIPO than USPTO. Employment of the legal representative positively influenced the success rate and the time to register, but only in the case of EUIPO.