非正式:发展的原因和后果

IF 6.8 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Gabriel Ulyssea
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引用次数: 114

摘要

这篇文章回顾了关于非正式的经济文献,它的原因,以及它对发展的影响。它涵盖了一个全面的研究体系,从明确的实验研究到平衡宏观模型,最近还包括整合微观和宏观效应的结构模型。现有文献的研究结果表明,降低非正式性成本并不是减少非正式性的有效政策,但可能产生积极的总体效应,如提高产出和全要素生产率(TFP)。最有效的正规化政策是在非正式性的广泛边际上加强执行,而不是在非正式性的密集边际上。前者在总TFP和总产出方面产生了可观的收益,而不一定会增加失业率。然而,总体福利影响可能取决于稳定状态之间的过渡动态,这仍然是未来研究的开放领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Informality: Causes and Consequences for Development
This article reviews the economic literature on informality, its causes, and its consequences for development. It covers a comprehensive body of research that ranges from well-identified experimental studies to equilibrium macro models, and which more recently includes structural models that integrate both micro and macro effects. The results available in the literature indicate that lowering the costs of formality is not an effective policy to reduce informality but may generate positive aggregate effects, such as higher output and total factor productivity (TFP). The most effective formalization policy is to increase enforcement on the extensive margin but not on the intensive margin of informality. The former generates substantial gains in aggregate TFP and output, without necessarily increasing unemployment. However, the overall welfare impacts are likely to depend on the transitional dynamics between steady states, which remains an open area for future research.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
3.60%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Economics covers significant developments in the field of economics, including macroeconomics and money; microeconomics, including economic psychology; international economics; public finance; health economics; education; economic growth and technological change; economic development; social economics, including culture, institutions, social interaction, and networks; game theory, political economy, and social choice; and more.
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