鼻腔给药:一种无创的脑靶向技术

IF 0.7 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Abhishek Thakur, P. Singh, S. Biswal, Navneet Kumar, C. Jha, Gurvinder Singh, C. Kaur, Sheetu Wadhwa, R. Kumar
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引用次数: 6

摘要

大多数药物通常通过口服或静脉途径引入,以达到快速起效、更好的患者依从性和易于给药的目的。然而,口服药物的低生物利用度和有限的脑暴露对治疗神经退行性疾病和精神疾病构成了巨大挑战。因此,这种情况需要将药物靶向大脑。对于脑靶向,考虑了许多因素,即分子量、给药途径、药物的亲脂性和血脑屏障(BBB)。这些因素限制了药物通过血脑屏障进入脑组织。为了克服这些问题,鼻内给药是一种很有前途的途径,可以绕过血脑屏障,减少给药剂量,使大脑更好地接触药物。鼻腔给药途径已用于抗组胺药、局部镇痛药和皮质类固醇的给药,用于鼻腔过敏、鼻塞和鼻腔感染的局部给药。然而,近年来也对通过这种途径进行全身药物递送进行了探索。对于鼻-脑药物递送,嗅觉和呼吸区域被利用,这也使得更大分子的递送能够到达脑组织。这种输送系统通常是pH或温度依赖性的。某些神经系统疾病,如偏头痛、痴呆症、帕金森病、癫痫和阿尔茨海默病,可以通过这种途径成功治疗。这篇综述试图强调鼻子的解剖结构、从鼻子到大脑的药物递送机制、递送系统配方中的关键因素、鼻腔配方以及鼻腔途径在各种药物递送中的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Drug delivery through nose: A noninvasive technique for brain targeting
Majority of drugs are usually introduced through oral or intra-venous route for fast action, better patient compliance and ease of drug administration. However, the low bioavailability and limited brain exposure of orally administered drugs pose a huge challenge to treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. So, the situation demands for targeting the drug to brain. For brain targeting, a number of factors are considered viz. molecular weight, route of administration, lipophilic character of drug and blood brain barrier (BBB). These factors limit the movement of drug into brain tissue through BBB. To overcome these problems, intranasal drug administration is one of the promising routes that bypasses BBB and cuts down the dose to be administered with better brain exposure to drug. Nasal route has been used for the administration of antihistamines, local analgesics and corticosteroids intended for local drug delivery in nasal allergy, nasal congestion and nasal infection. However, systemic drug delivery through this route has also been explored in recent times. For nose to brain drug delivery, olfactory and respiratory region are utilized which also enable delivery of larger molecules to reach brain tissues. Such delivery systems are generally pH or temperature dependent. Certain diseases of nervous system like migraine, dementia, parkinsonism, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease can be successfully treated through this route. This review attempts to highlight the anatomy of nose, mechanisms of drug delivery from nose to brain, critical factors in the formulation of delivery systems, nasal formulations and applications of nasal route for delivery of various drugs.
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来源期刊
Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences(JRPS) is a biannually peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary pharmaceutical publication to serve as a means for scientific information exchange in the international pharmaceutical forum. It accepts novel findings that contribute to advancement of scientific knowledge in pharmaceutical fields that not published or under consideration for publication anywhere else for publication in JRPS as original research article. all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences consist of medicinal chemistry, molecular modeling, drug design, pharmaceutics, biopharmacy, pharmaceutical nanotechnology, pharmacognosy, natural products, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical pharmacy.
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