Active Risk Management Program in Operating Rooms of Hospitals in Different Countries: A Scoping Review Study

Context: Risk management in hospitals is essential for improving healthcare quality. This study analyzed the characteristics of risk management programs implemented in operating rooms of hospitals across countries worldwide. Evidence Acquisition: This study was a scoping review of online database studies, including Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Springer, ProQuest, Iranian SID, and Magiran databases and the Google Scholar search engine. Three people independently performed the study selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis among studies that reviewed risk management programs in health systems and those conducted outside the health system. Articles in non-English languages (including Persian) were excluded. Results: A total of 21 studies with similar purposes and data collection methods were included. The characteristics of risk management programs were classified into six main factors: Objectives, components, steps, results, prerequisites, facilitators of risk management programs, and 35 sub-factors. Conclusions: The conceptual framework of any risk management program should include at least the objectives: Risk eradication, safety promotion, quality improvement and prevention and reduction of risks, component: Communication and monitoring; steps: (1) Preoperative evaluation during (logging); (2) evaluation during surgery; (3) post-surgery evaluation (logout); and the results: Achieving effective methods in reducing errors; prerequisites: Human resource, knowledge and information, and facilitators such as the use of monitoring technologies and error detection and reporting in the operating room.