克尔盖伦群岛的农田中有一种特有植物面临坏死的特定土壤微生物群和根际微生物群

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE
L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

极地地区的特点是岩石地形,植被稀疏,土壤贫瘠,即“fellfields”。在这样的生态系统中,微生物群落应该对土壤植物的功能至关重要,但对其多样性的探索却很少。亚南极Kerguelen群岛的fellfields以一种特有的长寿垫植物Lyallia kerguelensis为特征,其根际可能是这种恶劣环境中微生物的庇护所。衬垫受到坏死的影响,我们预计根际微生物组的组成与植物坏死有关。我们使用16S rRNA和ITS1代谢条形码分析了Kerguelen群岛五个不同fellfields的L.kerguelensis的体层和根层土壤中的细菌和真菌群落。我们发现土壤微生物群落由限制性类群和世界性类群组成。虽然所有地点都由相同的细菌类群(绿弯菌属、放线菌属、α-变形菌属和不动杆菌属)主导,但主要真菌门(子囊菌门、担子菌门、Mortierelomycota和Rozellomycota)的相对丰度在不同地点之间存在很大差异。L.kerguelensis根际微生物组的多样性至少与大块土壤一样,使根际成为微生物多样性的可能库。它由与在大块土壤中检测到的相同的主要细菌门组成,而根际真菌群落的组成对每种植物都是特定的。关于植物和场地的垫层坏死程度,没有发现常见的微生物,但有几种微生物的假定功能是共同的,这表明随着垫层坏死的增加,土壤功能可能发生变化。我们的研究为亚南极岛fellfield土壤微生物群落的多样性和组成以及一种特有的垫状植物的根微生物组提供了新的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis
Polar regions are characterized by rocky terrains with sparse vegetation and oligotrophic soils, i.e. “fellfields”. In such ecosystems, microbial communities should be essential for soil-plant functioning but their diversity is poorly explored. The sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands fellfields are characterized by an endemic long-lived cushion plant, Lyallia kerguelensis which rhizosphere may be a shelter for microbes in this harsh environment. Cushions are affected by necrosis and we expect the rhizomicrobiome composition to be related to plant necrosis. We analysed bacterial and fungal communities in bulk- and rhizospheric soils from L. kerguelensis in five different fellfields across the Kerguelen Islands using 16S rRNA and ITS1 metabarcoding. We found that soil microbial communities were composed of both restricted and cosmopolitan taxa. While all sites were dominated by the same bacterial taxa (Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria), the relative abundance of the main fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Rozellomycota) highly differed between sites. L. kerguelensis rhizomicrobiome was at least as diverse as the bulk soil, making the rhizosphere a possible reservoir of microbial diversity. It was composed of the same main bacterial phyla than detected in the bulk soil while the composition of the rhizosphere fungal communities was specific to each plant. No common microorganisms were identified regarding cushion necrosis extent across plants and sites, but several microbial putative functions were shared, suggesting a possible shift in soil functioning with cushion necrosis increase. Our study brings new information on the diversity and composition of the microbial communities of fellfield soils in a sub-Antarctic Island and the rhizomicrobiome of a characteristic endemic cushion plant.
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