Satellite-derived land surface temperature spatial sharpening: A comprehensive review on current status and perspectives

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review of Satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature Spatial Sharpening (SLSTSS) studies and provide appropriate solutions to error reduction in SLSTSS presses. Firstly, the initial search was done for the related keywords to SLSTSS, and 391 papers were found over the period 1985 to 2020. Secondly, to eliminate non-relevant papers, several criteria were applied and 207 out of 391 papers were selected for this review. Finally, the assembled database was used to extract important information. Perspectives for future studies can be (1) integrating the results obtained from different models and strategies based on decision level-fusion, (2) solving challenges of remained low-spatial pixel blocking and smoothing effects on sharpened LST image, (3) considering landscape, textural and climatic variables and anthropogenic heat flux in SLSTSS presses, (4) using LST obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles at the satellite overpass time to the SLSTSS results, (5) determining the optimal number of classes in conceptual approaches as well as the size of moving window and the segmentation scale of object-based window in local approaches to train and implement SLSTSS models, (6) and providing a physical approach based on energy balance equations in order for error reduction in SLSTSS presses.