溶洞和岩溶中的坡缕石

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2018-09-20 DOI:10.3986/AC.V47I2-3.5186

P. Bosák, N. Z. Hajna

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引用次数: 2

摘要

坡缕石是一种纤维状矿物，代表了链状硅酸盐和层状硅酸盐之间的过渡阶段，具有调制的层状硅酸盐结构。虽然它经常在碳酸盐环境中发现，但在洞穴填充物中形成的成分并不常见。坡长石以两种形式出现在洞穴填充物中:(1)同种异体坡长石，在干旱和半干旱条件下，它是洞穴填充物的重要组成部分，通常与蒙脱石、石膏、方解石和岩盐伴生;它通过空气或地表径流从沙漠土壤和古土壤、钙质、白云石和洞穴周围的相关沉积物中输送到洞穴中。(2)自生坡高岭石在干燥蒸发条件下，在适宜的溶液地球化学组成条件下，由渗透水溶液和/或蒙脱石和高岭石转化而成，以原位沉淀形式存在于洞穴填充物中。在碳酸盐岩储集岩中，斜长石充填于裂隙和断层中，常出现在岩洞壁上。它通常作为“山革”的一部分出现，是热液和/或风化过程的结果，或者是具有适当pH值、氧化还原条件和化学成分的渗滤大气溶液的原位化学沉淀的产物。关键词:坡缕石;溶洞;岩溶;Paligorskit v jamah in krasu: pregledpaligorskit je vlaknat矿物，ki - prehoddna fazo - med insililkati在listastimi sililkati和模态结构的filsililkata。[j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j]。(1) kot alogeni Paligorskit, ki je v susnih in polsuhih razmerah lahko znaten sestavni del jamskih sedimentov, pogosto povezanih z monmorillonitom, sadro, kalcitom in halitom;在古陆沉积中，主要有古陆沉积、古陆沉积、古陆沉积、古陆沉积、古陆沉积、古陆沉积;(2) kot avtogeni paligorskit se pojavlja v jamah kot»in situ; oborina iz prenikajocih raztopin in/ali z obarjanjem med transformacijo monmorillonita in kaolini v jamskih sedimentih v suhih razmerah izhlapevanja in primerno geokemicno sestavo raztopin。V karbonatnih kamninah paligorskit zapolnjujejo razpoke in prelome in ga pogoto najdemo na jamskih stenah。Obicajno se pojavlja kot del“gorskega usnja”，ki je posledica hidrotermalnih in/ali procesov preprevanja。lakopa nastane tudi zaradi in situ kemicnega obarjanja iz prenikajocih meteornih raztopin z ustrestreium pH, redoks potential in kemicnosestavo。kljune: paligorskit, james, kras。

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Palygorskite in caves and karsts: a review

Palygorskite is fibrous mineral representing the transitional phase between chain silicates and layer silicates with modulated phyllosilicate structure. Although often found in carbonate environments, it forms quite uncommon constituent of cave fills. Palygorskite occurs in cave fills in two forms: (1) allogenic palygorskite which in arid and semiarid conditions can represents substantial constituent of cave fills, often associated with smectite, gypsum, calcite and halite; it is airborne or transported by surface run-off to caves from desert soils and paleosoils, calcretes, dolocretes and related deposits in cave surroundings. (2) Authigenic palygorskite occurs as in situ precipitate in cave fills from percolating water solutions and/or transformation of smectite and kaolinite in dry evaporative conditions and suitable geochemical composition of solutions. In carbonate host-rocks palygorskite fills fissures and faults and often it is found in cave walls. It occurs commonly as part of the “mountain leather” as a result of hydrothermal and/or weathering processes or represents a product of in situ chemical precipitation from percolating meteoric solutions with suitable pH a redox conditions and chemical composition. Key words: palygorskite, caves, karst. Paligorskit v jamah in krasu: pregled Paligorskit je vlaknat mineral, ki je prehodna fazo med inosilikati in listastimi silikati z modulirano strukturo filosilikata. Ceprav je pogost v karbonatnih okoljih, je precej neobicajna sestavina jamskih sedimentov. Paligorskit se v jamah pojavlja v dveh oblikah: (1) kot alogeni paligorskit, ki je v susnih in polsuhih razmerah lahko znaten sestavni del jamskih sedimentov, pogosto povezanih z montmorillonitom, sadro, kalcitom in halitom; v teh primerih gre za eolski nanos ali pa za transport v jame s povrsinskim transportom iz puscavskih tal in paleotal, kalkret, dolokret in podobnih sedimentov; (2) kot avtogeni paligorskit se pojavlja v jamah kot »in situ« oborina iz prenikajocih raztopin in/ali z obarjanjem med transformacijo montmorillonita in kaolinita v jamskih sedimentih v suhih razmerah izhlapevanja in primerno geokemicno sestavo raztopin. V karbonatnih kamninah paligorskit zapolnjujejo razpoke in prelome in ga pogosto najdemo na jamskih stenah. Obicajno se pojavlja kot del “gorskega usnja”, ki je posledica hidrotermalnih in/ali procesov preperevanja. Lahko pa nastane tudi zaradi in situ kemicnega obarjanja iz prenikajocih meteornih raztopin z ustreznim pH, redoks potencialom in kemicno sestavo. Kljucne besede: paligorskit, jame, kras.

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来源期刊

Acta Carsologica 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Karst areas occupy 10-20 % of ice-free land. Dissolution of rock by natural waters has given rise to specific landscape and underground. Karst surface features and caves have attracted man''s curiosity since the dawn of humanity and have been a focus to scientific studies since more than half of millennia. Acta Carsologica publishes original research papers and reviews, letters, essays and reports covering topics related to specific of karst areas. These comprise, but are not limited to karst geology, hydrology, and geomorphology, speleology, hydrogeology, biospeleology and history of karst science.