Study on PM2.5 Emission Sources in the Vicinity of Busan Gamman Port using Scanning LIDAR Observation

Using a scanning LIDAR, we measured the PM 2.5 concentration with a horizontal resolution of 30 m in the port area, industrial zones, and residential areas including Gamman Port, Bukhang Port, and Yeongdo-gu in Busan, from March 2 to May 2, 2022. Among the observation areas, we categorized them into six zones: Gamman Port (A) with ships and cargo handling equipment, residential area (B) adjacent to the port, factory area (C) where steel mills are located, redevelopment area of Bukhang Port (D), industrial area (E) with shipbuilding yards, and industrial complex (F) with ship berthing facilities. We examined the characteristics of fine particle concentration based on the concentration changes of PM 2.5 in each zone. The average concentration for the entire observation period, including all zones, was 17.0 ± 10.0 μg/m 3 . For each zone, A to F, the concentrations were 19.0 ± 12.8, 21.0 ± 14.5, 18.6 ± 12.5, 15.0 ± 7.8, 14.2 ± 7.3, and 15.9 ± 8.8 μg/m 3 , respectively. Zones A, B, and C showed higher concentrations compared to zones D, E, and F. When the wind speed was strong, the concentration difference between zones A, B, and C and zones D, E, and F was small. However, as the wind speed decreased, the concentration difference between zones became more significant. The average PM 2.5 concentration, including all zones, varied with wind direction: 14.1 ± 11.6, 17.5 ± 9.3, 19.1 ± 8.7, and 17.7 ± 6.5 μg/m 3 for east, west, south, and north winds, respectively, showing the highest concentration during south winds and the lowest during east winds. Through scanning LIDAR observations, we were able to confirm the concentration changes in each zone according to the concentration difference and variations in wind direction and speed. The results of this study indicate that scanning LIDAR can provide important information for accurately understanding the fine particle status and formulating policies for mitigation and countermeasures.