1928年至1939年间,国家在维尔纽斯和诺沃格罗德克省保护了什么?文化古迹的评估和名录

IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY
Viktorija Kurienė
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文重点介绍了两次世界大战期间波兰维尔纽斯的保护人员对纪念碑进行的挂牌过程,为纪念碑的国家保护提供了依据。1931年至1939年间,纪念碑管理员做出了202项决定,确认了建筑、城市学、考古学和自然等各种物体的不朽价值。文中通过分析纪念碑登记册及其所依据的决定,描述了名录和评估过程。文章中使用了维尔纽斯省艺术部档案馆的文件。对古迹登记册的分析是以统计方法为基础的。解释和评价以分析和比较方法为基础。这项研究发现,纪念碑列表主要由建筑组成。自然物体被宣布为基于其文化价值的纪念碑。纪念碑的官方地位是基于其美学、年代或文献价值。然而,内心的动机是波兰主义。因此,最常见的纪念碑是巴洛克风格的天主教教堂。爱国主义的背景也体现在自然保护中。纪念碑挂牌过程只有一位专家领导——一位纪念碑管理员。纪念碑的地位和国家保护取决于他们的利益、专业知识和权力。这位保护人只与一小群波兰权威和知识分子合作,将社会大多数人排除在这一遗产过程之外。确认纪念碑价值的决定是一种直接控制纪念碑的存在并对其产生影响的方式,间接影响记忆的话语。纪念碑列表揭示了一位为国家工作的波兰艺术历史学家的价值观和身份。因此,这些价值观和身份被投射为整个社会的普遍性。这种关于遗产、概念和实践的论述在20世纪的西方国家很常见。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What Was Protected by the State in Vilnius and Nowogródek Voivodeships Between 1928 and 1939? Evaluation and Listing of Cultural Monuments
This article focuses on the process of monument listing, done by conservators of Vilnius in interwar Poland and which provided the monuments state protection. Between 1931 and 1939, monument conservators made 202 decisions confirming monumental value to various objects of architecture, urbanistics, archeology and nature. In the text the listing and evaluation process is described by analyzing the register of monuments and the decisions it was based on. The documents from the archive of the Art Department of Vilnius voivodeship are used in the article. The analysis of the register of monuments is based on statistical methods. Interpretation and evaluation are based on analytical and comparative methods. The research leads to findings that monument listing was dominated by architecture. Objects of nature were announced monuments based on their cultural value. Officially the status of a monument was given on the grounds of its aesthetics, age or documental value. However, the inner motive was Polishness. Thus, the most frequent monuments were baroque Catholic churches. The patriotic context is also seen in nature protection. The process of monument listing was led by only one expert – a conservator of monuments. The monument status and state protection depended on their interests, expertise and power. The conservator cooperated only with a small group of Polish authority and intelligentsia, leaving the majority of society out of this heritage process. The decision confirming monumental value was a way to control and have an impact directly on the monument’s existence, indirectly – on the discourse of memory. The monument listing reveals values and identities of a Polish art historian working for the state. Consequently, these values and identities were projected for the whole society as universal. This type of discourse on heritage, conception and practice was common in Western countries in the 20th c.
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