在数字平台上界定爱国科学:巴西的Covid-19、氯喹和无知制度化

IF 2.5 3区哲学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES

Science As Culture Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI:10.1080/09505431.2022.2105691

Paulo F. C. Fonseca, Barbara E. Ribeiro, Leonardo F. Nascimento

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引用次数: 3

摘要

作为巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)的支持者，博尔索纳罗主义运动在巴西推广了用于治疗新冠肺炎的药物氯喹，尽管主流卫生机构大多拒绝接受这种有效的治疗方法。这种情况可以通过科学技术研究(STS)和无知研究的视角来调查，这些研究得到了数字社会学方法的支持。博尔索纳主义的话语并没有在法庭上与科学权威竞争，而是在总统的支持者所认为的合法科学和非法科学之间建立了界限。这种制度化的无知是通过Telegram messenger产生和维持的，Telegram messenger是博索纳主义多平台媒体生态系统的支柱。它是通过边界工作完成的:通过两种互补的做法排除或包含知识-对主流科学的轻蔑指责和与氯喹替代品的情感联系。前者的目的是使反对使用氯喹的专家掌握的知识无效，而后者的重点是动员人们对另一种科学模式的信任，我们称之为爱国科学。这种科学模式与主流科学区分开来，被认为是腐败的，不适合巴西人的需求。本案例研究推进了STS资源，用于检查科学/非科学之间的认知界限，这与使用这种边界工作将无知制度化的其他政策和公众相关。

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Demarcating Patriotic Science on Digital Platforms: Covid-19, Chloroquine and the Institutionalisation of Ignorance in Brazil

ABSTRACT As supporters of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, the Bolsonarism movement has promoted the drug chloroquine for treating Covid-19 in Brazil, despite it being mostly rejected by mainstream health institutions as an effective treatment. This situation can be investigated through the lens of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and ignorance studies supported by methods from digital sociology. Bolsonarist discourse does not contest scientific authority tout court, but rather constructs boundaries between what supporters of the president see as legitimate and illegitimate science. This institutionalised ignorance is produced and maintained through Telegram messenger, a backbone of the multi-platform media ecosystem of Bolsonarism. It is accomplished through boundary work: the exclusion or inclusion of knowledge via two complementary practices – pejorative accusations against mainstream science and the crafting of affective bonds with the chloroquine alternative. While the former aims to invalidate knowledge held by experts opposed to the use of chloroquine, the latter focuses on mobilising trust in an alternative model of science, which we refer to as patriotic science. This model of science is demarcated from mainstream science, framed as corrupt and ill-equipped for the needs of Brazilians. This case study advances STS resources for examining the epistemic demarcation between science/non-science, relevant to other polities and publics that use such boundary work to institutionalise ignorance.

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来源期刊

Science As Culture Multiple-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

3.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Our culture is a scientific one, defining what is natural and what is rational. Its values can be seen in what are sought out as facts and made as artefacts, what are designed as processes and products, and what are forged as weapons and filmed as wonders. In our daily experience, power is exercised through expertise, e.g. in science, technology and medicine. Science as Culture explores how all these shape the values which contend for influence over the wider society. Science mediates our cultural experience. It increasingly defines what it is to be a person, through genetics, medicine and information technology. Its values get embodied and naturalized in concepts, techniques, research priorities, gadgets and advertising. Many films, artworks and novels express popular concerns about these developments. In a society where icons of progress are drawn from science, technology and medicine, they are either celebrated or demonised. Often their progress is feared as ’unnatural’, while their critics are labelled ’irrational’. Public concerns are rebuffed by ostensibly value-neutral experts and positivist polemics. Yet the culture of science is open to study like any other culture. Cultural studies analyses the role of expertise throughout society. Many journals address the history, philosophy and social studies of science, its popularisation, and the public understanding of society.