Recent advance on aspect of fisheries: A review

The history of aquaculture in China dates back to 4 000 years ago[1]. Today, Asia has the highest rate of production. According to FAO statistics in 2011 to 2014[2], 14 countries have produced more than 0.5 million tons per year (10 of them in Asia). Based on this statistics between the years of 2011 and 2013, fishing decreased 1.8%. But aquaculture in the same period had growth 5.7%, which was mainly due to the expansion of aquaculture productivity growth and improvement of the living conditions, new methods of reproduction and nutrition for aquatic animals[3]. As mentioned in the previous section, the aquaculture production between 2005 and 2015 had always risen and the largest share of production was related to China (62% of aquaculture production in 2013). On the other side, according to FAO[2] capita apparent fish consumption was from 9.9 kg in 1960s to 14.4 kg in 1990 and then reached to 19.7 kg in 2013. FAO estimates showed the amount catch in 2015 and 2016 to reach about 20 kg. The growth rate of capita fish consumption in developing countries between 1961 and 2013 was more than 3.5 times[2]. According to statistics, waste products in this industry have decreased[4]. The industry’s turnover in 2008 was about US $818 billion and despite the economic downturn in recent years has continued to rise[5]. Number of people employed in this sector in 2008 estimated that each year about 52 million people will be added to this amount[2,4]. Fisheries production increased in the last 5 years has been in all fields. According to the FAO and the World Bank[6], the aquaculture production in the internal waters of the value of fishery products had the strongest growth compared to other agricultural products. Exports of fishery products in developing country was more than US $35 billion dollars in 2014. The share of aquaculture in per capita human consumption reached less than 2% in 1954 and more than 50% in 2014[2,7]. The importance of this issue is that the contamination of aquaculture products and its environmental damage is far less than the fishing. In recent years, emphasis has been fishing and farming production of marine species. Breeding of freshwater species has limitations such as limited sources of fresh water and place. The vastness of the oceans which provides the possibility for the use of 9 billion people by 2050s will only use 4% of the continental shelf[8]. According to FAO statistics, currently the marine fishing is greater than the ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT