卢旺达Burera、Musanze和Nyamagabe地区小农制度下小麦生产的可持续集约化

IF 1.6 4区农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI:10.1017/S0014479722000096

A. Cyamweshi, N. L. Nabahungu, Jackson Cirhuza Mirali, J. Kihara, G. Oduor, H. Rware, G. Sileshi

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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要卢旺达小农户的小麦产量很低。尽管矿物肥料的使用被宣传为一种可持续集约化（SI）途径，但在卢旺达的Burera、Musanze和Nyamagabe地区，人们对各种肥料投入的营养利用效率和盈利能力知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、锌（Zn）和硼（B）组合在小麦生产中的使用情况，特别是从养分管理、作物产量、生产风险、投入使用效率和小农户农场的经济回报等方面。这项研究在卢旺达的三个小麦种植区（即尼亚马加贝、穆桑泽和布拉区）进行，土壤条件不同。处理包括不同水平的N（0、30、60、90和120 kg ha−1）与P（0、7.5、15和22.5 kg ha−2）和K（10、20和30 kg ha−3）的组合，以及不施用营养素的对照。还包括由90 kg N、15 kg P、20 kg K、10 kg Mg、2.5 kg Zn和0.5 kg B ha−1组成的诊断性治疗。计算了平均粮食产量及其变异性、降雨利用效率（RUE）、N和P的农艺利用效率（AE）以及价值成本比（VCRs），以评估营养率的可持续性。在所有地点，小麦产量和RUE随着施氮量的增加而增加，最高可达90 kg N ha−1，超过这一水平，没有观察到进一步的增加。诊断处理中记录了最高的小麦产量（5.5 t ha−1）和生产风险最低的RUE（6.6 kg ha−1 mm−1）（变异系数[CV]=20%）。尽管在较低的氮和磷水平下记录到最高的AEN和AEP，但VCR的CV较高（>64%），表明小麦农民的生产风险较高。在所有病例中，诊断治疗中记录了最佳VCR（5.6），最低CV（44.4%）。我们得出的结论是，在卢旺达的Burera、Musanze和Nyamagabe地区，施用90 kg N、15 kg P、20 kg K、10 kg Mg、2.5 kg Zn和0.1 kg B可以保证小麦产量的更多SI。

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Sustainable intensification of wheat production under smallholder farming systems in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda

Abstract The productivity of wheat is low on smallholder farms in Rwanda. Although mineral fertiliser use is being promoted as a sustainable intensification (SI) pathway, little is known about the nutrient use efficiency and profitability of various fertiliser inputs in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda. The objective of this study was to assess the use of combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in wheat production in terms of nutrients management specifically, crop yield, production risk, input use efficiency and economic returns on smallholder farms. The study was conducted in three wheat-growing regions of Rwanda (i.e., Nyamagabe, Musanze and Burera districts) with contrasting soil conditions. The treatments included combinations of different levels of N (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1) with P (0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 kg ha−1) and K (10, 20 and 30 kg ha−1) and the control with no applied nutrients. A diagnostic treatment composed of 90 kg N, 15 kg P, 20 kg K, 10 kg Mg, 2.5 kg Zn and 0.5 kg B ha−1 was also included. Mean grain yield and its variability, rainfall use efficiency (RUE), agronomic use efficiency (AE) of N and P and the value cost ratios (VCRs) were calculated to assess the sustainability of the nutrient rates. Across all sites, wheat grain yield and RUE increased with increase in N rates up to 90 kg N ha−1, beyond which no further increase was observed. The highest wheat yield (5.5 t ha−1) and RUE (6.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) with the lowest production risk (coefficient of variation [CV] = 20%) were recorded in the diagnostic treatment. Although the highest AEN and AEP were recorded at lower N and P levels, the CVs of VCR were high (>64%), indicating higher production risk to wheat farmers. In all cases, an optimum VCR (5.6), with the lowest CV (44.4%), was recorded in the diagnostic treatment. We conclude that application of 90 kg N, 15 kg P, 20 kg K, 10 kg Mg, 2.5 kg Zn and 0.1 kg B can guarantee a more SI of wheat production in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda.

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来源期刊

Experimental Agriculture 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

24 months

期刊介绍： With a focus on the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, Experimental Agriculture publishes the results of original research on field, plantation and herbage crops grown for food or feed, or for industrial purposes, and on farming systems, including livestock and people. It reports experimental work designed to explain how crops respond to the environment in biological and physical terms, and on the social and economic issues that may influence the uptake of the results of research by policy makers and farmers, including the role of institutions and partnerships in delivering impact. The journal also publishes accounts and critical discussions of new quantitative and qualitative methods in agricultural and ecosystems research, and of contemporary issues arising in countries where agricultural production needs to develop rapidly. There is a regular book review section and occasional, often invited, reviews of research.