Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), an introduced species in the Cauca River Basin, Colombia.

We report Pterygoplichthys pardalis introduction - a freshwater fish species from the Amazon river basin - in the Cauca river basin and in Salvajina and Calima dams, Colombia. Scope: We registered and taxonomically evaluated P. pardalis to verify its identification, seeking to avoid the elimination of native morphologically similar species. Methodology: Material deposited in some ichthyology collections was examined, evaluating 35 morphometric characters for identification following Armbruster’s keys. These results were compared with the available literature for Pterygoplichthys genus. Conclusions: This article reports some identification errors, mainly regarding Pterygoplichthys undecimalis, which actually correspond to P. pardalis. We also suggest two possible mechanisms that explain P. pardalis introduction into national basins: i) oversights during ornamental fish species trade and by their buyers, and ii) aquaculture projects that, seeking to “improve” regional economy, not take into consideration characteristics and suitability of the species they seek to promote. Finally, this article alerts about P. pardalis introduction in national basins and their possible effects on native species and ecosystems.