Calibration of the continuous water model based on the NRW patterns

Along with the urban development, water distribution systems have become increasingly important. Due to their complexity, integrated decision making has become more important. A major difference between simulated and observed data mostly initiates from the NRW which can be determined by conducting a district metered area study. Accordingly, current study was conducted to promote the calibration of the continuous model of water distribution system by the approach of the NRW pattern in accordance to water consumption pattern. Due to the lack of district metered area results, the difference in water production and all measured consumptions was considered as NRW. Three NRW patterns as various hypotheses were evaluated. Statistical Assessment revealed that application of an inline pattern of the subscriber consumption pattern as an NRW pattern provided a more reliable accurate calibration. The results confirmed that unauthorized and unregistered consumption had dominated the major amount of the NRW amount.