Viewing the future research directions of heart failure from ge's phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

At present, guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure (HF) has achieved certain results, but the evidence mostly focuses on HF with reduced ejection fraction, and there are some problems in the research on HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), such as inconsistent inclusion criteria and unconvincing results. Therefore, it may be more individualized and targeted to perform classification, typing, and treatment of HF from aspects such as pathogenesis, etiology, or pathophysiology, but not ejection fraction, especially HFpEF with strong heterogeneity. Ge's phenotyping of HFpEF is based on etiology and pathology, aiming at improving the outcome of HFpEF and exploring new approaches for the prognosis of HF.