10世纪至20世纪初俄罗斯和欧洲医疗活动的监管:伦理与法律原则之间的关系

IF 0.2 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
V. V. Suvorov, Yu. V. Ishchenko, E. Fakhrudinova, A. Kiselev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄罗斯与欧洲国家对医疗活动的法律和伦理监管有共同特点和一些具体差异。古俄罗斯国家和欧洲中世纪国家对医疗活动的监管是在法律规范和基督教世界观的框架内进行的,其主要原则是为邻居服务。例如,这些都是突出的伦理问题。世俗国家的形成,始于古代俄罗斯王子宫廷中第一批世俗医生的出现。从16世纪起,它成为国家机构的一部分,并将其影响扩展到军人的社会财产。19世纪中期,在泽姆斯特沃改革时期,它成为为农村人口服务的主要形式。泽姆斯特沃医学的特点是在地方自治机构和医学会的基础上组织医疗活动。19世纪初,随着科学知识和医疗服务组织的日益复杂,欧洲医学伦理准则旨在制定新兴国家医学协会成员所遵循的行为规则。尽管对医疗活动进行了监管,但医疗保健问题没有得到应有的重视,在进化前的俄罗斯,也没有影响医疗保健监管的具体立法。在欧洲,长期以来,医疗专业人员对错误的责任也是从基于合同和商业原则的私人关系的角度来考虑的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Regulation Of Medical Activity In Russia And Europe In The 10th – Early 20th Centuries: Correlation Between Ethical And Legal Principles
The legal and ethical regulation of medical activity in Russia vs. European countries has common features and a number of specific differences. The regulation of medical activity in the Old Russian state and European medieval states was carried out within the framework of legal norms and Christian worldview, the main principle of which was service to one’s neighbor. For instance, these were ethical issues that came to the fore. The secular state form, began its historical path with the emergence of the first secular doctors at the courts of ancient Russian princes. From the 16th century on, it became part of the state apparatus extending its influence to the social estate of the military servicemen. In the middle of the 19th century, during the period of the Zemstvo Reform, it became the main form of servicing rural population. The specificity of zemstvo medicine was the organization of medical activities based on of local self-government bodies and medical societies. At the beginning of the 19th century, with the increasing complexity of scientific knowledge and organization of medical services, European medical codes of ethics aimed at developing the rules of conduct to be followed by the members of newly emerging national medical associations. Despite regulating medical activity, the issues of healthcare were not given due attention, and there were no specific legislative acts affecting the health care regulation in prerevolutionary Russia. In Europe, too, for a long time, the responsibility of a medical professional for mistakes was considered from the standpoint of private relationships based on contractual and commercial principles.
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来源期刊
Russian Open Medical Journal
Russian Open Medical Journal MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: Russian Open Medical Journal (RusOMJ) (ISSN 2304-3415) is an international peer reviewed open access e-journal. The website is updated quarterly with the RusOMJ’s latest original research, clinical studies, case reports, reviews, news, and comment articles. This Journal devoted to all field of medicine. All the RusOMJ’s articles are published in full on www.romj.org with open access and no limits on word counts. Our mission is to lead the debate on health and to engage, inform, and stimulate doctors, researchers, and other health professionals in ways that will improve outcomes for patients. The RusOMJ team is based mainly in Saratov (Russia), although we also have editors elsewhere in Russian and in other countries.
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