Energy Absorption Analysis of Circular Tube of The Foam for High-Speed Train

This paper discusses the outcomes concerning the crushing properties of aluminum foam–filled tubes with a circular cross-section. The review assessed the impact of placing aluminum foam in single- and double-walled circular. A parametric evaluation was performed concerning the circular with the single- and double-walled variants. Validation results were contrasted against the documented experimental data, and a noteworthy alignment was observed. The foam strain rate is vital in regulating the crushing properties of the foam-loaded circular, and this factor must be considered. The outcomes also indicate the interaction between the circular wall and foam core has a varying deformation category and specific energy absorption. Foam loading had a similar effect concerning double-walled circular loads with foam. Moreover, evaluations were performed to determine the impact of core thickness and impact velocity on the crashworthiness performance. Further, it was discovered that a rise in core thickness for double-walled foam-loaded circular enhances crushing characteristics until the walls still interact. Subsequently, any rise in core thickness leads to the response aligning more with the single-walled circular energy absorber of a high-speed train.