Presence of symptoms caused by parasitic species described in grapevine herbaria from Georgia, Spain and the United Kingdom

The present paper focuses on the presence of symptoms caused by parasitic species in samples of Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) belonging to different herbaria from , and the . In the Spanish case herbaria were collected by Clemente at the beginning of the 19th century and preserved at the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid. This material was used as the basis for the publication in 1807 of the famous book “Ensayo sobre las variedades de la vid común que vegetan en Andalucía” (Essay on the varieties of common grapevine that vegetate in ). The Georgian herbaria originated from three institutions: National Museum of Georgia, National Herbarium of Georgia and . The time period of the Georgian herbaria dates from mid-19th century. The herbaria came from Kew Royal Botanical Gardens and contain samples dated as of 1843. According to observations, in the Spanish herbarium, 98 samples out of 185 show erinea, symptoms caused by Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari, Eryophiidae), from a total of 185 samples there. Meanwhile in other herbaria its presence was detected in 3 samples, which also showed spots caused by powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator (Schweinitz). Symptoms caused by downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola Berl. & De Toni, were only detected in one sample collected in . Results attest the frequent presence of this monophagous mite pest on Southern Spanish cultivars and wild exemplars for more than two centuries.