中欧的苏格兰松林是异色瓢虫的栖息地:一种外来瓢虫种群的时间和空间模式

Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI:10.2478/foecol-2020-0010
P. Zach, M. Holecová, M. Brabec, K. Hollá, M. Šebestová, Z. Martinková, J. Skuhrovec, A. Honěk, O. Nedvěd, Juraj Holec, P. Brown, M. Saniga, Terézia Jauschová, J. Kulfan
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要对生境适宜性的认识与外来物种的入侵生物学有着广泛的相关性。我们研究了2013年4月至2015年3月,在中欧斯洛伐克西南部的单一栽培苏格兰松林中,异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)的季节动态。每月从松树下部枝条上随机选择7个不同年龄和树冠闭合程度的林分,采集成年联吡啶,并对幼虫进行定性记录。成虫全年都有记录,11月数量最多,2月数量最少。利用负二项式广义加性模型,在月(季节性)效应、年、冠层闭合和年龄效应以及林分随机效应(样本面积效应)中,对联吡啶的丰度与所选林分特征之间的关系进行了建模。闭冠层和开放冠层的H.axyrdis丰度均受林分年龄和季节性(月粒度)的显著影响,而冠层闭合和样品面积的影响不显著。在封闭和开放的树冠林分中,苏格兰松上异吡啶的季节动态具有双峰模式,其中两个峰值反映了该物种从越冬地到越冬地的周期性运动。异色Harmonia axyridis利用某些松树林在生长季节觅食,在冬季则利用某些林分避难。在有15年树龄的封闭树冠(越冬地)中发现的瓢虫数量最多。大多数林分中成虫和幼虫的出现表明苏格兰松林适合瓢虫繁殖。首次在欧洲瓢虫的入侵范围内提出了异色瓢虫的全年动态模型。
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Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird
Abstract Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe.
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